Abstract：
To assess and enhance the application of biosecurity measures in poultry farming, an objective measurement tool (Biocheck.UGent™) was already available for broiler and layer. This study describes the development, validation and application of a risk-based weighted scoring tool for breeder, turkey, duck, free-range layer and free-range broiler production. In collaboration with an expert panel (n= 38), five different questionnaires were developed, following the format of the existing Biocheck.UGent scoring tools. Weights were attributed to external (7-9 subcategories) and internal (3-4 subcategories) biosecurity categories, as well as to the corresponding individual questions within each subcategory. The biosecurity measures were prioritized and weighed based on their relative importance in preventing disease transmission. Upon completion of the questionnaire, and upload of all answers to the Biocheck.UGent website, the algorithm generates a biosecurity score varying between \'\'0\'\' which equals the total absence of any biosecurity measure up to \'\'100\'\' which refers to full application of all biosecurity measures. The final scoring systems are available online (https://biocheckgent.com/en) for free and have been used to assess biosecurity in 70 breeders, 100 turkeys, 23 ducks, 16 free-range broilers, and 15 free-range layer farms originating from 12 countries so far. On average, the overall biosecurity score (mean ± std. dev) was 78 ± 7 % for breeders, 73 ± 11 % for turkeys, 71 ± 8 % for ducks, 73 ± 8 % for free-range layers and 70 ± 13 % for free-range broilers. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in biosecurity (both at the overall and subcategory levels) across different poultry types. The overall farm biosecurity score for breeders was significantly higher than that for turkey (p <.001) and duck production (p = 0.001). External biosecurity levels were highest in breeders in comparison to turkeys (p < 0.001), ducks (p = 0.008) and broiler free-range (p = 0.005). There was a notable difference in internal biosecurity levels between duck and turkey (p = 0.041) production as well. The study contributed to the poultry biosecurity database which allows benchmarking of the biosecurity levels of the users\' farm results to national or international averages, indicating room for improvement and aiding to motivate stakeholders to enhance their biosecurity levels.
摘要：
评估和加强生物安全措施在家禽养殖中的应用，客观的测量工具(Biocheck。UGent™）已经可用于肉鸡和蛋鸡。这项研究描述了发展，基于风险的加权评分工具的验证和应用，土耳其,鸭子,自由放养层和自由放养肉鸡生产。与专家小组合作(n=38)，开发了五个不同的问卷，遵循现有Biocheck的格式。UGent计分工具。权重归于外部（7-9个子类别）和内部（3-4个子类别）生物安全类别，以及每个子类别中相应的单个问题。根据生物安全措施在预防疾病传播方面的相对重要性，对其进行了优先排序和权衡。完成问卷后，并上传Biocheck的所有答案。UGent网站,该算法生成一个生物安全分数，在\'\'0\'\'之间变化，等于完全不存在任何生物安全措施，直至\'\'100\'\'，这是指所有生物安全措施的完全应用。最终评分系统可在线免费获得（https://biocheckgent.com/en），并已用于评估70名育种者的生物安全性，100只火鸡,23只鸭子，16只自由放养的肉鸡，到目前为止，来自12个国家的15个自由放养农场。平均而言,总体生物安全评分(平均值±std。dev)为育种者的78±7%，73±11%的火鸡，鸭子为71±8%，自由饲养层73±8%，自由饲养肉鸡70±13%。不同家禽类型的生物安全性（在总体和亚类水平）存在显着差异（p<0.05）。饲养者的总体农场生物安全评分明显高于火鸡（p<.001）和鸭生产（p=0.001）。与火鸡相比，饲养者的外部生物安全水平最高(p<0.001)，鸭（p=0.008）和肉鸡自由放养（p=0.005）。鸭和火鸡生产之间的内部生物安全水平也存在显着差异（p=0.041）。该研究为家禽生物安全数据库做出了贡献，该数据库允许将用户农场结果的生物安全水平与国家或国际平均水平进行基准测试。指出改进的空间，并帮助激励利益相关者提高其生物安全级别。
