Abstract：
Males are routinely identified as both the victims and perpetrators of knife-related crime. Explanations have typically fallen into two categories: fear of further victimization (i.e., need for protection) and masculine gender norms (e.g., a display of \"toughness\"). However, these two works of literature have not yet been brought together to provide us with a fruitful theoretical understanding of why some young men engage in knife-related crime. The purpose of this systematic review is to consolidate and synthesize the available research on fear and masculinity as explanations for knife-related crime. In all, 23 studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings of the studies reviewed highlight the importance of considering the cognitive analysis of risk and perceptions of risk in young males\' decisions to engage in knife-related crime. These perceptions of risk are shaped by previous victimization through a contagion effect and contribute to the development of an aggressive masculinity that justifies the behavior. However, it is not very well understood the role of fear contagion, and victimization in the shaping of masculine ideals within groups of young men involved in knife-related crimes. Additional research is needed to explore these findings and shed light on the complex interplay between these factors to inform viable treatment options for young men engaged in knife-related crime.
摘要：
男性通常被确定为与刀有关的犯罪的受害者和肇事者。解释通常分为两类：害怕进一步受害(即，需要保护)和男性性别规范(例如，显示“韧性”)。然而,这两部文学作品还没有结合起来，为我们提供了一个富有成效的理论理解，为什么一些年轻人从事与刀有关的犯罪。本系统综述的目的是巩固和综合有关恐惧和男子气概的现有研究，以解释与刀有关的犯罪。总之,23项研究被确定为符合纳入标准。审查的研究结果强调了在年轻男性参与与刀有关的犯罪的决定中考虑对风险的认知分析和对风险的看法的重要性。这些对风险的看法是由先前通过传染效应受害而形成的，并有助于发展为行为辩护的积极男性气质。然而,人们对恐惧传染的作用还不是很了解，以及在参与与刀有关的犯罪的年轻人群体中塑造男性理想的受害者。需要更多的研究来探索这些发现，并阐明这些因素之间复杂的相互作用，为从事与刀有关的犯罪的年轻人提供可行的治疗选择。
