PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Neutrophils are critical immune cells in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) is highly expressed in neutrophils during acute inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum S100A12 levels as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in COVID-19. Serum samples of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were collected during 2020 to 2024. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum S100A12 levels in 63 patients with moderate COVID-19, 60 patients with severe disease and 33 healthy controls. Serum S100A12 levels were elevated in moderate COVID-19 compared to controls and were even higher in severe cases. In moderate disease, serum S100A12 levels positively correlated with immune cell counts. While C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are established inflammation markers, they did not correlate with serum S100A12 levels in either patient cohort. Patients with severe COVID-19 and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infection had increased S100A12 levels. Elevated S100A12 levels were also observed in patients with herpes simplex reactivation. Fungal superinfections did not alter S100A12 levels. These data show that serum S100A12 increases in moderate and severe COVID-19 and is further elevated by VRE bloodstream infection and herpes simplex reactivation. Therefore, S100A12 may serve as a novel biomarker for severe COVID-19 and an early diagnostic indicator for bacterial and viral infections.
摘要：
中性粒细胞是2019年严重冠状病毒病（COVID-19）中的关键免疫细胞。S100钙结合蛋白A12（S100A12）在急性炎症期间在中性粒细胞中高度表达。这项研究的目的是评估血清S100A12水平作为COVID-19的诊断和预后工具。在2020年至2024年期间收集了中度和重度COVID-19患者的血清样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测63例中度COVID-19患者、60例重症患者和33例健康对照者血清S100A12水平。与对照组相比，中度COVID-19的血清S100A12水平升高，严重病例甚至更高。在中度疾病中，血清S100A12水平与免疫细胞计数呈正相关。虽然C反应蛋白和降钙素原是确定的炎症标志物，在任一患者队列中,它们与血清S100A12水平均无相关性.严重COVID-19和万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）感染患者S100A12水平升高。在单纯疱疹再激活的患者中也观察到S100A12水平升高。真菌超感染不会改变S100A12水平。这些数据表明，中度和重度COVID-19的血清S100A12增加，并因VRE血流感染和单纯疱疹再激活而进一步升高。因此,S100A12可能是严重COVID-19的新型生物标志物，也是细菌和病毒感染的早期诊断指标。
