PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) increase cardiovascular risk and worsen patients\' prognoses. One early predictor of increased risk is a change in arterial stiffness. This study aimed to evaluate arterial stiffness parameters using the non-invasive photoplethysmography (PPG) method in Polish patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or atherosclerosis (AS).
METHODS: The study group consisted of 333 patients (Caucasians, both sexes, aged 30-85 years old). Patients were analyzed in four groups depending on AH and AS (Group I: patients without AH or AS, Group II: AH patients, Group III: AS patients, and Group IV: AH/AS patients) and, in addition, according to sex and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arterial stiffness parameters, i.e., reflection index (RI), peak-to-peak time (PPT), and stiffness index (SI) were automatically calculated with PPG based on the analysis of the pulse wave contour.
RESULTS: Mean values of RI and SI were higher in men than women (p < 0.001 each). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also differed between sexes (p = 0.010). Mean SI values differed between the study groups (p = 0.038) with the highest SI found in AS/AH patients and the lowest-in patients without AH or AS. The mean SI values were significantly lower in women compared to men in both Group I and Group II (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean values of RI were also greater in men than in women in Group I and Group II (p < 0.001 for each group). Regarding COVID-19 history, only HR values differed between patients with and without COVID-19 in AH patients (p = 0.012). In AH patients, men had higher values of RI and SI compared to women (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). On the other hand, AS women with COVID-19 had significantly greater mean values of SI (9.66 m/s ± 1.61) than men with COVID-19 (7.98 m/s ± 1.09) (p = 0.045).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed that sex had a significant impact on arterial stiffness parameters. Both AH and AS affected arterial stiffness. Heart rate was greater in hypertensive patients after COVID-19 compared to hypertensive patients without COVID-19.
METHODS: The study group consisted of 333 patients (Caucasians, both sexes, aged 30-85 years old). Patients were analyzed in four groups depending on AH and AS (Group I: patients without AH or AS, Group II: AH patients, Group III: AS patients, and Group IV: AH/AS patients) and, in addition, according to sex and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arterial stiffness parameters, i.e., reflection index (RI), peak-to-peak time (PPT), and stiffness index (SI) were automatically calculated with PPG based on the analysis of the pulse wave contour.
RESULTS: Mean values of RI and SI were higher in men than women (p < 0.001 each). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also differed between sexes (p = 0.010). Mean SI values differed between the study groups (p = 0.038) with the highest SI found in AS/AH patients and the lowest-in patients without AH or AS. The mean SI values were significantly lower in women compared to men in both Group I and Group II (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean values of RI were also greater in men than in women in Group I and Group II (p < 0.001 for each group). Regarding COVID-19 history, only HR values differed between patients with and without COVID-19 in AH patients (p = 0.012). In AH patients, men had higher values of RI and SI compared to women (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). On the other hand, AS women with COVID-19 had significantly greater mean values of SI (9.66 m/s ± 1.61) than men with COVID-19 (7.98 m/s ± 1.09) (p = 0.045).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed that sex had a significant impact on arterial stiffness parameters. Both AH and AS affected arterial stiffness. Heart rate was greater in hypertensive patients after COVID-19 compared to hypertensive patients without COVID-19.
摘要：
背景：高血压和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）增加心血管风险并恶化患者预后。风险增加的一个早期预测指标是动脉僵硬度的变化。这项研究旨在使用无创光电容积描记术（PPG）方法评估波兰动脉高血压（AH）和/或动脉粥样硬化（AS）患者的动脉僵硬度参数。
方法：研究组由333名患者组成（高加索人，两性,30-85岁)。根据AH和AS对四组患者进行分析（第I组：无AH或AS的患者，第二组：AH患者，第三组：AS患者，和IV组：AH/AS患者）和，此外,根据性别和SARS-CoV-2感染史。动脉刚度参数,即，反射指数(RI)，峰峰值时间（PPT），根据对脉搏波轮廓的分析，用PPG自动计算刚度指数（SI）。
结果：男性的RI和SI平均值高于女性（p<0.001）。性别之间的舒张压（DBP）也有所不同（p=0.010）。研究组之间的平均SI值不同（p=0.038），AS/AH患者中SI最高，无AH或AS患者中SI最低。在I组和II组中,女性的平均SI值显著低于男性(分别为p=0.006和p<0.001)。在组I和组II中,男性RI的平均值也大于女性(每组p<0.001)。关于COVID-19的历史，在AH患者中，有和没有COVID-19的患者之间只有HR值不同(p=0.012)。在AH患者中，男性的RI和SI值高于女性(p<0.001和p<0.001).另一方面,患有COVID-19的女性AS的SI平均值（9.66m/s±1.61）明显高于患有COVID-19的男性（7.98m/s±1.09）（p=0.045）。
结论：本研究证实性别对动脉僵硬度参数有显著影响。AH和AS均影响动脉僵硬度。与无COVID-19的高血压患者相比，COVID-19后高血压患者的心率更高。
方法：研究组由333名患者组成（高加索人，两性,30-85岁)。根据AH和AS对四组患者进行分析（第I组：无AH或AS的患者，第二组：AH患者，第三组：AS患者，和IV组：AH/AS患者）和，此外,根据性别和SARS-CoV-2感染史。动脉刚度参数,即，反射指数(RI)，峰峰值时间（PPT），根据对脉搏波轮廓的分析，用PPG自动计算刚度指数（SI）。
结果：男性的RI和SI平均值高于女性（p<0.001）。性别之间的舒张压（DBP）也有所不同（p=0.010）。研究组之间的平均SI值不同（p=0.038），AS/AH患者中SI最高，无AH或AS患者中SI最低。在I组和II组中,女性的平均SI值显著低于男性(分别为p=0.006和p<0.001)。在组I和组II中,男性RI的平均值也大于女性(每组p<0.001)。关于COVID-19的历史，在AH患者中，有和没有COVID-19的患者之间只有HR值不同(p=0.012)。在AH患者中，男性的RI和SI值高于女性(p<0.001和p<0.001).另一方面,患有COVID-19的女性AS的SI平均值（9.66m/s±1.61）明显高于患有COVID-19的男性（7.98m/s±1.09）（p=0.045）。
结论：本研究证实性别对动脉僵硬度参数有显著影响。AH和AS均影响动脉僵硬度。与无COVID-19的高血压患者相比，COVID-19后高血压患者的心率更高。
