METHODS: The study group consisted of 333 patients (Caucasians, both sexes, aged 30-85 years old). Patients were analyzed in four groups depending on AH and AS (Group I: patients without AH or AS, Group II: AH patients, Group III: AS patients, and Group IV: AH/AS patients) and, in addition, according to sex and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arterial stiffness parameters, i.e., reflection index (RI), peak-to-peak time (PPT), and stiffness index (SI) were automatically calculated with PPG based on the analysis of the pulse wave contour.
RESULTS: Mean values of RI and SI were higher in men than women (p < 0.001 each). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also differed between sexes (p = 0.010). Mean SI values differed between the study groups (p = 0.038) with the highest SI found in AS/AH patients and the lowest-in patients without AH or AS. The mean SI values were significantly lower in women compared to men in both Group I and Group II (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean values of RI were also greater in men than in women in Group I and Group II (p < 0.001 for each group). Regarding COVID-19 history, only HR values differed between patients with and without COVID-19 in AH patients (p = 0.012). In AH patients, men had higher values of RI and SI compared to women (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). On the other hand, AS women with COVID-19 had significantly greater mean values of SI (9.66 m/s ± 1.61) than men with COVID-19 (7.98 m/s ± 1.09) (p = 0.045).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed that sex had a significant impact on arterial stiffness parameters. Both AH and AS affected arterial stiffness. Heart rate was greater in hypertensive patients after COVID-19 compared to hypertensive patients without COVID-19.
方法:研究组由333名患者组成(高加索人,两性,30-85岁)。根据AH和AS对四组患者进行分析(第I组:无AH或AS的患者,第二组:AH患者,第三组:AS患者,和IV组:AH/AS患者)和,此外,根据性别和SARS-CoV-2感染史。动脉刚度参数,即,反射指数(RI),峰峰值时间(PPT),根据对脉搏波轮廓的分析,用PPG自动计算刚度指数(SI)。
结果:男性的RI和SI平均值高于女性(p<0.001)。性别之间的舒张压(DBP)也有所不同(p=0.010)。研究组之间的平均SI值不同(p=0.038),AS/AH患者中SI最高,无AH或AS患者中SI最低。在I组和II组中,女性的平均SI值显著低于男性(分别为p=0.006和p<0.001)。在组I和组II中,男性RI的平均值也大于女性(每组p<0.001)。关于COVID-19的历史,在AH患者中,有和没有COVID-19的患者之间只有HR值不同(p=0.012)。在AH患者中,男性的RI和SI值高于女性(p<0.001和p<0.001).另一方面,患有COVID-19的女性AS的SI平均值(9.66m/s±1.61)明显高于患有COVID-19的男性(7.98m/s±1.09)(p=0.045)。
结论:本研究证实性别对动脉僵硬度参数有显著影响。AH和AS均影响动脉僵硬度。与无COVID-19的高血压患者相比,COVID-19后高血压患者的心率更高。