PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Weeds cause significant agricultural losses worldwide, and herbicides have traditionally been the main solution to this problem. However, the extensive use of herbicides has led to multiple cases of weed resistance, which could generate an increase in the application concentration and consequently a higher persistence in the environment, hindering natural degradation processes. Consequently, more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as microbial bioherbicides, have been sought. Although these bioherbicides are promising, their efficacy remains a challenge, as evidenced by their limited commercial and industrial production. This article reviews the current status of microbial-based bioherbicides and highlights the potential of cell-free metabolites to improve their efficacy and commercial attractiveness. Stirred tank bioreactors are identified as the most widely used for production-scale submerged fermentation. In addition, the use of alternative carbon and nitrogen sources, such as industrial waste, supports the circular economy. Furthermore, this article discusses the optimization of downstream processes using bioprospecting and in silico technologies to identify target metabolites, which leads to more precise and efficient production strategies. Bacterial bioherbicides, particularly those derived from Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas, and fungal bioherbicides from genera such as Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma and Phoma, show significant potential. Nevertheless, limitations such as their restricted range of action, their persistence in the environment, and regulatory issues restrict their commercial availability. The utilization of cell-free microbial metabolites is proposed as a promising solution due to their simpler handling and application. In addition, modern technologies, including encapsulation and integrated management with chemical herbicides, are investigated to enhance the efficacy and sustainability of bioherbicides.
摘要：
杂草在全球范围内造成重大农业损失，传统上，除草剂是解决这个问题的主要方法。然而,除草剂的广泛使用导致了多种杂草抗性，这可能会增加应用浓度，从而增加环境中的持久性，阻碍自然降解过程。因此,更环保的替代品，如微生物除草剂，一直在寻找。虽然这些生物除草剂很有前途，它们的功效仍然是一个挑战，其有限的商业和工业生产证明了这一点。本文回顾了基于微生物的生物除草剂的现状，并强调了无细胞代谢物提高其功效和商业吸引力的潜力。搅拌槽生物反应器被认为是最广泛用于生产规模的深层发酵。此外,使用替代碳源和氮源，如工业废物，支持循环经济。此外，本文讨论了使用生物勘探和计算机技术来识别目标代谢物的下游过程的优化，这导致了更精确和有效的生产策略。细菌生物除草剂，特别是那些来自假单胞菌和黄单胞菌，和真菌生物除草剂，如链格孢属，炭疽病,木霉和Phoma,显示出巨大的潜力。然而，限制，例如其有限的作用范围，他们对环境的坚持，和监管问题限制了它们的商业可用性。无细胞微生物代谢物的利用由于其更简单的处理和应用而被认为是有前途的解决方案。此外,现代技术,包括与化学除草剂的封装和综合管理，进行了研究，以提高生物除草剂的功效和可持续性。
