PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The yak (Bos grunniens) exhibits exceptional regional adaptability, enabling it to thrive in the distinctive ecological niches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its survival relies on the intricate balance of its intestinal microbiome, essential for adapting to harsh environmental conditions. Despite the documented significance of bacteria and fungi in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and supporting immune functions, there is still a substantial gap in understanding how the composition and functionality of yak gut microbiota vary along altitude-temperature gradients. This study aims to fill this gap by employing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques to analyze and compare the intestinal microbiome of yaks residing at different elevations and exposed to varying temperatures. The findings demonstrate subtle variations in the diversity of intestinal bacteria and fungi, accompanied by significant changes in taxonomic composition across various altitudes and temperature gradients. Notably, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota emerged as the dominant phyla across all groups, with Actinobacteriota exhibiting the highest proportion (35.77%) in the LZF group. Functional prediction analysis revealed significant associations between the LZF group and metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. This suggests a potential role for actinomycetes in enhancing nutrient absorption and metabolism in yaks. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the microbiota of yaks may enhance energy metabolism and catabolism by modulating the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio, potentially mitigating the effects of temperature variations. Variations in gut bacterial and fungal communities among three distinct groups were analyzed using metagenomic techniques. Our findings indicate that microbial genera exhibiting significant increases in yaks at lower altitudes are largely beneficial. To sum up, our research investigated the changes in gut bacterial and fungal populations of yaks residing across diverse altitude and temperature ranges. Moreover, these results enhance comprehension of gut microbial makeup and variability, offering perspectives on the environmental resilience of dry lot feeding yaks from a microbial angle.
摘要：
牦牛（Bosgrunniens）具有出色的区域适应性，使其能够在青藏高原独特的生态位中茁壮成长。它的生存依赖于肠道微生物组的复杂平衡，适应恶劣的环境条件。尽管有文献记载的细菌和真菌在维持肠道稳态和支持免疫功能方面具有重要意义，在理解牦牛肠道微生物群的组成和功能如何沿海拔-温度梯度变化方面仍有很大差距。这项研究旨在通过采用16SrRNA和ITS扩增子测序技术来分析和比较不同海拔和暴露于不同温度的牦牛的肠道微生物组，从而填补这一空白。研究结果表明，肠道细菌和真菌的多样性存在细微差异，伴随着各种海拔高度和温度梯度的分类组成发生重大变化。值得注意的是,Firmicutes,放线菌,拟杆菌在所有群体中都是占主导地位的门，放线菌在LZF组中的比例最高(35.77%)。功能预测分析揭示了LZF组和氨基酸代谢和生物合成相关的代谢途径之间的显著关联。这表明放线菌在增强牦牛营养吸收和代谢方面具有潜在作用。此外，我们的发现表明，牦牛的微生物群可能通过调节厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比例来增强能量代谢和分解代谢，有可能减轻温度变化的影响。使用宏基因组技术分析了三个不同组之间的肠道细菌和真菌群落的变化。我们的发现表明，在低海拔地区牦牛中表现出显着增加的微生物属在很大程度上是有益的。总而言之,我们的研究调查了不同海拔和温度范围内牦牛肠道细菌和真菌种群的变化。此外，这些结果增强了对肠道微生物组成和变异性的理解，从微生物的角度提供了关于干批牦牛的环境恢复能力的观点。
