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Abstract：
This paper presents the results of the research on the structure and thermal properties of materials made from fly ash based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Composites based on a polyethylene matrix with 5, 10, and 15 wt% fly ash from hard coal combustion content were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) was used to identify characteristic functional groups present in the chemical structure of polyethylene and the composites based on its matrix. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and microscopic examinations. Mechanical properties were also examined. Analysis of the thermal effect values determined by the DSC technique, XRD, and FTIR-ATR allowed the evaluation of the crystallinity of the tested materials. Polyethylene is generally considered to be a two-phase system consisting of crystalline and amorphous regions and is a plastic characterized by a significant crystalline phase content. Based on the FTIR-ATR spectra, DSC curves, and XRD, the effect of the filler and the changes occurring in the materials studied resulted in a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and a change in the melting point and crystallization temperature of the polymer matrix were established. Microscopic examinations were carried out to analyze the microstructure of the composites to collect information on the distribution and shape of the filler particles, indicating their size and distribution in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the use of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) allowed for the microanalysis of the chemical composition of the filler particles.
摘要：
本文介绍了基于高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的粉煤灰制成的材料的结构和热性能的研究结果。检查了基于聚乙烯基质的复合材料，其中含有5、10和15wt％的来自硬煤燃烧含量的粉煤灰。具有衰减全反射的傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）用于识别聚乙烯和基于其基质的复合材料的化学结构中存在的特征官能团。使用X射线衍射（XRD）进行结构分析，差示扫描量热计（DSC），和显微镜检查。还检查了机械性能。通过DSC技术确定的热效应值的分析，XRD,和FTIR-ATR允许评估测试材料的结晶度。聚乙烯通常被认为是由结晶和无定形区域组成的两相体系,并且是以显著结晶相含量为特征的塑料。基于FTIR-ATR光谱,DSC曲线,和XRD，填料的影响和所研究材料中发生的变化导致结晶度降低，并且确定了聚合物基质的熔点和结晶温度的变化。进行了显微镜检查以分析复合材料的微观结构，以收集有关填料颗粒分布和形状的信息，表明它们在聚合物基质中的大小和分布。此外，使用扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱（SEM-EDS）可以对填料颗粒的化学成分进行微观分析。
