PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Successful human pregnancy needs several highly controlled steps to guarantee an oocyte\'s fertilization, the embryo\'s pre-implantation development, and its subsequent implantation into the uterine wall. The subsequent placenta development ensures adequate fetal nutrition and oxygenation, with the trophoblast being the first cell lineage to differentiate during this process. The placenta sustains the growth of the fetus by providing it with oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products. It is not surprising that issues with the early development of the placenta can lead to common pregnancy disorders, such as recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and stillbirth. Understanding the normal development of the human placenta is essential for recognizing and contextualizing any pathological aberrations that may occur. The effects of these issues may not become apparent until later in pregnancy, during the mid or advanced stages. This review discusses the process of the embryo implantation phase, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the abnormalities in those mechanisms that are thought to contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia. The review also covers the histological hallmarks of pre-eclampsia as found during the examination of placental tissue from pre-eclampsia patients.
摘要：
成功的人类怀孕需要几个高度受控的步骤来保证卵母细胞的受精，胚胎的植入前发育，然后植入子宫壁.随后的胎盘发育确保了充足的胎儿营养和氧合，滋养细胞是在此过程中分化的第一个细胞谱系。胎盘通过向胎儿提供氧气和营养并去除废物来维持胎儿的生长。胎盘早期发育的问题会导致常见的妊娠疾病，这并不奇怪，例如复发性流产，胎儿生长受限,先兆子痫,和死产。了解人类胎盘的正常发育对于识别和了解可能发生的任何病理异常至关重要。这些问题的影响可能在怀孕后期才变得明显，在中期或高级阶段。这篇综述讨论了胚胎着床阶段的过程，涉及的分子机制，以及那些被认为有助于先兆子痫发展的机制异常。该综述还涵盖了先兆子痫患者胎盘组织检查期间发现的先兆子痫的组织学特征。
