PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: There is an abundance of studies explaining the separate impact of female employment and household wealth status in reducing malnutrition. However, our study has unraveled the combined impact of maternal employment and household wealth on undernutrition among children under three in Pakistan.
METHODS: Using a sample of 1093 children under three years of age from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018, a binary logistic model was employed to gauge factors influencing the children\'s undernutrition.
RESULTS: Our results indicated that children up to a certain age (three years old) with residence in certain regions (Pakistan) and recent episodes of diarrhea had an increased risk of undernutrition. Conversely, secondary and higher maternal education, access to improved water sources, and sanitation facilities lowered the chances of undernutrition in children under three in Pakistan. The interaction between maternal employment and household wealth showed that maternal employment significantly lowered the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting among the average, rich, and richest households; however, it did not contribute to child nutrition among the poorer and poor households. Notably, regardless of whether the mother was employed, the wealth status of being rich and richest reduced the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting.
CONCLUSIONS: In overcoming undernutrition, maternal employment significantly contributed to middle-income households. However, in the richer and richest households, the wealth status played a more crucial role compared to the maternal employment. This indicates that while employment plays a supportive role in household resources, the wealth status is overall more influential in reducing undernutrition.
METHODS: Using a sample of 1093 children under three years of age from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018, a binary logistic model was employed to gauge factors influencing the children\'s undernutrition.
RESULTS: Our results indicated that children up to a certain age (three years old) with residence in certain regions (Pakistan) and recent episodes of diarrhea had an increased risk of undernutrition. Conversely, secondary and higher maternal education, access to improved water sources, and sanitation facilities lowered the chances of undernutrition in children under three in Pakistan. The interaction between maternal employment and household wealth showed that maternal employment significantly lowered the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting among the average, rich, and richest households; however, it did not contribute to child nutrition among the poorer and poor households. Notably, regardless of whether the mother was employed, the wealth status of being rich and richest reduced the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting.
CONCLUSIONS: In overcoming undernutrition, maternal employment significantly contributed to middle-income households. However, in the richer and richest households, the wealth status played a more crucial role compared to the maternal employment. This indicates that while employment plays a supportive role in household resources, the wealth status is overall more influential in reducing undernutrition.
摘要：
背景：有大量研究解释了女性就业和家庭财富状况对减少营养不良的单独影响。然而,我们的研究揭示了产妇就业和家庭财富对巴基斯坦3岁以下儿童营养不良的综合影响.
方法：使用来自2017-2018年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查的1093名三岁以下儿童的样本，采用二元逻辑模型来评估影响儿童营养不良的因素。
结果：我们的结果表明，居住在某些地区（巴基斯坦）的特定年龄（3岁）的儿童和最近的腹泻发作增加了营养不良的风险。相反，中等和高等教育，获得改善的水源，和卫生设施降低了巴基斯坦三岁以下儿童营养不良的机会。孕产妇就业与家庭财富之间的相互作用表明，孕产妇就业显着降低了发育迟缓的风险，体重不足，在平均水平中浪费，富有,最富有的家庭；然而，它没有促进贫困家庭和贫困家庭的儿童营养。值得注意的是,不管母亲是否受雇，富有和富有的财富地位降低了发育迟缓的风险，体重不足，和浪费。
结论：在克服营养不良方面，孕产妇就业对中等收入家庭的贡献显著。然而,在富裕和最富有的家庭中，与孕产妇就业相比，财富地位发挥了更重要的作用。这表明，虽然就业在家庭资源中起着支持作用，财富状况总体上在减少营养不良方面更具影响力。
方法：使用来自2017-2018年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查的1093名三岁以下儿童的样本，采用二元逻辑模型来评估影响儿童营养不良的因素。
结果：我们的结果表明，居住在某些地区（巴基斯坦）的特定年龄（3岁）的儿童和最近的腹泻发作增加了营养不良的风险。相反，中等和高等教育，获得改善的水源，和卫生设施降低了巴基斯坦三岁以下儿童营养不良的机会。孕产妇就业与家庭财富之间的相互作用表明，孕产妇就业显着降低了发育迟缓的风险，体重不足，在平均水平中浪费，富有,最富有的家庭；然而，它没有促进贫困家庭和贫困家庭的儿童营养。值得注意的是,不管母亲是否受雇，富有和富有的财富地位降低了发育迟缓的风险，体重不足，和浪费。
结论：在克服营养不良方面，孕产妇就业对中等收入家庭的贡献显著。然而,在富裕和最富有的家庭中，与孕产妇就业相比，财富地位发挥了更重要的作用。这表明，虽然就业在家庭资源中起着支持作用，财富状况总体上在减少营养不良方面更具影响力。
