PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Utilizing techniques for reducing multivariate data is essential for comprehensively understanding the variations and relationships within both biomechanical and physiological datasets in the context of youth football training. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the primary factors influencing training sessions within a standard microcycle among young sub-elite football players. A total of 60 male Portuguese youth sub-elite footballers (15.19 ± 1.75 years) were continuous monitored across six weeks during the 2019-2020 in-season, comprising the training days from match day minus (MD-) 3, MD-2, and MD-1. The weekly training load was collected by an 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS), 1 Hz heart rate (HR) monitors, the perceived exertion (RPE) and the total quality recovery (TQR). A principal component approach (PCA) coupled with a Monte Carlo parallel analysis was applied to the training datasets. The training datasets were condensed into three to five principal components, explaining between 37.0% and 83.5% of the explained variance (proportion and cumulative) according to the training day (p < 0.001). Notably, the eigenvalue for this study ranged from 1.20% to 5.21% within the overall training data. The PCA analysis of the standard microcycle in youth sub-elite football identified that, across MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1, the first was dominated by the covered distances and sprinting variables, while the second component focused on HR measures and training impulse (TRIMP). For the weekly microcycle, the first component continued to emphasize distance and intensity variables, with the ACC and DEC being particularly influential, whereas the second and subsequent components included HR measures and perceived exertion. On the three training days analyzed, the first component primarily consisted of variables related to the distance covered, running speed, high metabolic load, sprinting, dynamic stress load, accelerations, and decelerations. The high intensity demands have a high relative weight throughout the standard microcycle, which means that the training load needs to be carefully monitored and managed.
摘要：
在青少年足球训练的背景下，利用减少多变量数据的技术对于全面理解生物力学和生理数据集中的变化和关系至关重要。因此,这项研究的目的是确定影响年轻的亚精英足球运动员在标准微周期内训练的主要因素。在2019-2020赛季的六个星期内，总共对60名葡萄牙青年亚精英足球运动员（15.19±1.75岁）进行了连续监测，包括从比赛日开始的训练天数减去(MD-)3、MD-2和MD-1。每周训练负荷由18Hz全球定位系统(GPS)收集，1Hz心率(HR)监测器,感知劳累(RPE)和总质量恢复(TQR)。将主成分方法（PCA）与蒙特卡洛并行分析相结合应用于训练数据集。训练数据集被浓缩为三到五个主成分，根据训练日解释37.0%至83.5%的解释方差(比例和累积)(p<0.001)。值得注意的是,在总体训练数据中,本研究的特征值范围为1.20%至5.21%.对青少年次精英足球标准微循环的PCA分析发现，在MD-3、MD-2和MD-1中，第一个由覆盖距离和冲刺变量主导，第二部分侧重于人力资源测量和训练冲动(TRIMP)。对于每周的微循环，第一部分继续强调距离和强度变量，ACC和DEC特别有影响力，而第二个和随后的组成部分包括HR措施和感知的劳累。在三天的训练中分析,第一部分主要由与覆盖距离相关的变量组成，运行速度,高代谢负荷，冲刺,动态应力载荷,加速度,和减速。高强度要求在整个标准微循环中具有较高的相对重量，这意味着需要仔细监控和管理训练负荷。
