PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OnabotulinumtoxinA (BT-A) is used in different medical fields for its beneficial effects. BT-A, a toxin originally produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is widely known for its ability to temporarily paralyze muscles by blocking the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction. The literature continually reports new hypotheses regarding potential applications that do not consider blockade of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction as a common pathway. In this opinion article, it is our aim to investigate the different pathway targets of BT-A in different medical applications. First of all, the acetylcholine effect of BT-A is used to reduce wrinkles for cosmetic purposes, in the treatment of urological problems, excessive sweating, temporomandibular joint disorders, obesity, migraine, spasticity in neurological diseases, and in various cases of muscle overactivity such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and essential head tremor. In another potential pathway, glutamate A, CGRP, and substance P are targeted for pain inhibition with BT-A application in conditions such as migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, neuropathic pain, and myofascial pain syndrome. On the other hand, as a mechanism different from acetylcholine and pain mediators, BT-A is used in the treatment of hair loss by increasing oxygenation and targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1 cells. In addition, the effect of BT-A on the apoptosis of cancer cells is also known and is being developed. The benefits of BT-A applied in different doses to different regions for different medical purposes are shown in literature studies, and it is also emphasized in those studies that repeating the applications increases the benefits in the long term. The use of BT-A continues to expand as researchers discover new potential therapeutic uses for this versatile toxin.
摘要：
在不同的医学领域中使用了烟草毒素A（BT-A），因为其有益的作用。BT-A,一种最初由肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌产生的毒素，众所周知，它能够通过阻断乙酰胆碱的释放来暂时麻痹肌肉，参与肌肉收缩的神经递质。文献不断报道有关潜在应用的新假设，这些假设不认为神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱释放的阻断是常见途径。在这篇观点文章中，我们的目的是研究BT-A在不同医学应用中的不同途径靶标。首先,BT-A的乙酰胆碱作用用于减少美容目的的皱纹，在泌尿系统问题的治疗中，出汗过多,颞下颌关节病，肥胖，偏头痛,神经系统疾病的痉挛，在各种肌肉过度活动的情况下，如宫颈肌张力障碍，眼睑痉挛,和必要的头部震颤。在另一个潜在的途径中，谷氨酸A,CGRP,和P物质的目标是在偏头痛等情况下应用BT-A抑制疼痛，三叉神经痛,神经性疼痛,和肌筋膜疼痛综合征.另一方面,作为一种不同于乙酰胆碱和疼痛介质的机制，BT-A用于通过增加氧合和靶向转化生长因子-β1细胞来治疗脱发。此外,BT-A对癌细胞凋亡的影响也是已知的并且正在开发中。在文献研究中显示了BT-A以不同剂量应用于不同地区用于不同医疗目的的益处，在这些研究中也强调，从长远来看，重复应用会增加收益。随着研究人员发现这种多功能毒素的新的潜在治疗用途，BT-A的使用不断扩大。
