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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Motor and intellectual disabilities (MIDs) represent a great challenge for maintaining general health due to physical and cognitive limitations, particularly in the maintenance and preservation of oral health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for bacterial control, including oral biofilms; however, knowledge of the bactericidal effectiveness of oral biofilms from patients with MIDs is insufficient. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on different oral biofilms taken from patients with and without MIDs.
METHODS: Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through consecutive sampling, biofilm samples were collected from 17 subjects with MIDs and 20 subjects without disorders. The antimicrobial effect was determined by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, and the identification and distribution of oral bacterial species were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and the antimicrobial levels of AgNPs were also explored. The values of the MIC results were analyzed with IBM-SPSS software (version25) using non-parametric tests for independent groups and correlations, with statistical significance being considered as p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Both sizes of AgNPs exhibited tight particle size distributions (smaller: 10.2 ± 0.7 nm; larger: 29.3 ± 2.3 nm) with zeta potential values (-35.0 ± 3.3 and -52.6 ± 8.5 mV, respectively) confirming the stability that resulted in little to no agglomeration of nanoparticles. Although both sizes of AgNPs had good antimicrobial activity in all oral biofilms, the smallest particles had the best antimicrobial effects on the oral biofilm samples from patients with and without MIDs, even better than chlorhexidine (CHX) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the patients with disabilities showed higher levels of antimicrobial sensitivity to AgNPs compared with CHX (p < 0.05). Although the microorganisms included in the biofilms of females had a statistically higher growth level, the AgNP antimicrobial effect was statistically similar in both genders (p > 0.05). The most frequent bacteria for all oral biofilms were S. mutans (100%), P. intermedia (91.6%), T. forsythia (75.0%), T. denticola (75.0%), P. gingivalis (66.6%), F. nucleatum (66.6%), S. sobrinus (50.0%), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (8.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: AgNPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial potential to be used as a complementary and alternative tool in maintaining and preserving oral health in patients with MIDs.
METHODS: Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through consecutive sampling, biofilm samples were collected from 17 subjects with MIDs and 20 subjects without disorders. The antimicrobial effect was determined by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, and the identification and distribution of oral bacterial species were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and the antimicrobial levels of AgNPs were also explored. The values of the MIC results were analyzed with IBM-SPSS software (version25) using non-parametric tests for independent groups and correlations, with statistical significance being considered as p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Both sizes of AgNPs exhibited tight particle size distributions (smaller: 10.2 ± 0.7 nm; larger: 29.3 ± 2.3 nm) with zeta potential values (-35.0 ± 3.3 and -52.6 ± 8.5 mV, respectively) confirming the stability that resulted in little to no agglomeration of nanoparticles. Although both sizes of AgNPs had good antimicrobial activity in all oral biofilms, the smallest particles had the best antimicrobial effects on the oral biofilm samples from patients with and without MIDs, even better than chlorhexidine (CHX) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the patients with disabilities showed higher levels of antimicrobial sensitivity to AgNPs compared with CHX (p < 0.05). Although the microorganisms included in the biofilms of females had a statistically higher growth level, the AgNP antimicrobial effect was statistically similar in both genders (p > 0.05). The most frequent bacteria for all oral biofilms were S. mutans (100%), P. intermedia (91.6%), T. forsythia (75.0%), T. denticola (75.0%), P. gingivalis (66.6%), F. nucleatum (66.6%), S. sobrinus (50.0%), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (8.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: AgNPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial potential to be used as a complementary and alternative tool in maintaining and preserving oral health in patients with MIDs.
摘要：
背景：由于身体和认知限制，运动和智力障碍（MID）对维持总体健康构成了巨大挑战，特别是在口腔健康的维护和保存。银纳米粒子（AgNPs）已成为细菌控制的一种有前途的治疗工具，包括口腔生物膜；然而，对MID患者口腔生物膜杀菌效果的认识不足.这项研究旨在确定AgNPs对取自有和没有MID的患者的不同口腔生物膜的抗菌作用。
方法：制备了两种尺寸的AgNPs，并通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行了表征。通过连续采样，从17名患有MID的受试者和20名没有疾病的受试者中收集生物膜样本。通过获得AgNPs的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）来确定抗菌效果，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确定口腔细菌的种类和分布。最后,还探讨了社会人口统计学特征与AgNPs抗菌水平之间的相关性。用IBM-SPSS软件（第25版）对MIC结果的值进行分析，使用非参数检验对独立组和相关性进行分析，统计学意义被认为是p<0.05。
结果：两种尺寸的AgNPs均表现出紧密的粒度分布（较小：10.2±0.7nm；较大：29.3±2.3nm），ζ电位值（-35.0±3.3和-52.6±8.5mV，分别)确认了导致纳米颗粒几乎没有团聚的稳定性。尽管两种大小的AgNPs在所有口腔生物膜中都具有良好的抗菌活性，最小的颗粒对有和没有MID的患者的口腔生物膜样品具有最好的抗菌作用，甚至优于氯己定（CHX）（p<0.05）。同样，与CHX相比,残疾患者对AgNPs的抗菌敏感性水平更高(p<0.05).尽管雌性生物膜中包含的微生物具有统计学上较高的生长水平，两种性别的AgNP抗菌效果在统计学上相似(p>0.05)。所有口腔生物膜中最常见的细菌是变形链球菌(100%)，P.中间介质（91.6%），连翘(75.0%)，T.denticola（75.0%），牙龈卟啉单胞菌（66.6%），F、核仁(66.6%)，S、sobrinus（50.0%），和放线菌（8.3%）。
结论：AgNPs显示出相当大的抗菌潜力，可作为维持和维护MID患者口腔健康的补充和替代工具。
方法：制备了两种尺寸的AgNPs，并通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行了表征。通过连续采样，从17名患有MID的受试者和20名没有疾病的受试者中收集生物膜样本。通过获得AgNPs的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）来确定抗菌效果，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确定口腔细菌的种类和分布。最后,还探讨了社会人口统计学特征与AgNPs抗菌水平之间的相关性。用IBM-SPSS软件（第25版）对MIC结果的值进行分析，使用非参数检验对独立组和相关性进行分析，统计学意义被认为是p<0.05。
结果：两种尺寸的AgNPs均表现出紧密的粒度分布（较小：10.2±0.7nm；较大：29.3±2.3nm），ζ电位值（-35.0±3.3和-52.6±8.5mV，分别)确认了导致纳米颗粒几乎没有团聚的稳定性。尽管两种大小的AgNPs在所有口腔生物膜中都具有良好的抗菌活性，最小的颗粒对有和没有MID的患者的口腔生物膜样品具有最好的抗菌作用，甚至优于氯己定（CHX）（p<0.05）。同样，与CHX相比,残疾患者对AgNPs的抗菌敏感性水平更高(p<0.05).尽管雌性生物膜中包含的微生物具有统计学上较高的生长水平，两种性别的AgNP抗菌效果在统计学上相似(p>0.05)。所有口腔生物膜中最常见的细菌是变形链球菌(100%)，P.中间介质（91.6%），连翘(75.0%)，T.denticola（75.0%），牙龈卟啉单胞菌（66.6%），F、核仁(66.6%)，S、sobrinus（50.0%），和放线菌（8.3%）。
结论：AgNPs显示出相当大的抗菌潜力，可作为维持和维护MID患者口腔健康的补充和替代工具。
