Abstract：
This review evaluated single-case experimental design research that examined challenging behavior interventions utilizing punishment elements. Thirty articles published between 2013 and 2022 met study inclusion criteria. Study quality was also assessed. Through multiple levels of analysis (e.g., descriptive statistics, non-parametric statistics), we examined (a) participant and study trends, (b) differential outcomes related to temporal reinforcement approaches (antecedent, consequent, or combined reinforcement) applied alongside punishment element(s), (c) differential outcomes related to the punishment type (negative, positive) applied alongside reinforcement, and (d) effect sizes associated with study rigor across peer-reviewed and gray literature. Our results may tentatively suggest that, for certain situations, concurrently applying punishment with antecedent reinforcement approaches may coincide with significantly larger effect sizes compared to combined temporal reinforcement approaches, while positive punishment applied concurrently with reinforcement may coincide with larger but non-significant intervention effects. Most featured articles met rigor criteria, but larger effects were seen in peer-reviewed literature.
摘要：
这篇评论评估了单案例实验设计研究，该研究检查了利用惩罚元素进行的具有挑战性的行为干预措施。2013年至2022年发表的30篇文章符合研究纳入标准。还评估了研究质量。通过多层次的分析(例如，描述性统计，非参数统计)，我们检查了(A)参与者和研究趋势，(B)与时间强化方法相关的不同结果(先行，因此，或组合强化)与惩罚元素一起应用，(c)与惩罚类型相关的不同结果(消极，正)与加固一起应用，（d）与同行评审和灰色文献中研究严谨性相关的效应大小。我们的结果可能初步表明，对于某些情况，与组合的时间强化方法相比，同时使用先前的强化方法进行惩罚可能会产生更大的效果大小，而与强化同时实施的积极惩罚可能与更大但不显著的干预效果一致。大多数精选文章都符合严格的标准，但在同行评审的文献中可以看到更大的效果.
