PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Several studies have reported on the association between parental and childhood psychopathologies. Despite this, little is known about the psychopathologies between parents and children in a non-clinical population. We present such a study, the first in a Kenyan setting in an attempt to fill this gap. The objective of this study was to determine the association between self-rating psychopathology in children, parent-rating psychopathology in their children and self-rating psychopathology in parents in a non-clinical population of children attending schools in Kenya. We identified 113 participants, comprising children and their parents in 10 randomly sampled primary schools in South East Kenya. The children completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR) scale and parents completed the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) on their children and the Adult Self-Reports (ASR) on themselves. These instruments are part of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), developed in the USA for a comprehensive approach to assessing adaptation and maladaptive behavior in children and adolescents. There was back and forth translation of the instruments from English to Swahili and the local dialect, Kamba. Every revision of the English translation was sent to the instrument author who sent back comments until the revised version was in sync with the version developed by the author. We used the ASEBA in-built algorithm for scoring to determine cut-off points for problematic and non-problematic behavior. Correlations, linear regression and independent sample t-test were used to explore these associations. The mean age of the children was 12.7. While there was no significant association between child problems as measured by YSR (self-reported) and parent problems as measured by ASR and CBCL in the overall correlations, there was a significant association when examining specific groups (clinical range vs. non-clinical). Moreover, significant association existed between total problems on YSR and ASR internalizing problems (t=-2.3,p = 0.023), with clinical range having a higher mean than the normal range. In addition, a significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found between psychopathology in children as reported by both parents (CBCL) and psychopathology in parents as self-reported (ASR).Mothers were more likely to report lower syndrome scores of their children as compared to fathers. Our findings indicate discrepancies between children self-rating and parent ratings, suggesting that one cannot manage psychopathology in children without reference to psychopathology in their parents. We suggest broad-based psycho-education to include children and parents to enhance shared awareness of psychopathology and uptake of treatment.
摘要：
一些研究报道了父母和儿童精神病理学之间的关联。尽管如此,关于非临床人群中父母和孩子之间的精神病理学知之甚少。我们提出了这样一项研究，第一次在肯尼亚设置试图填补这一空白。这项研究的目的是确定儿童自我评估精神病理学之间的关联，在肯尼亚上学的非临床儿童人群中，父母对其子女的心理病理学评分和父母的心理病理学评分。我们确定了113名参与者，由肯尼亚东南部10所随机抽样小学的儿童及其父母组成。儿童完成了青少年自我报告（YSR）量表，父母完成了子女的儿童行为检查表（CBCL）和成人自我报告（ASR）。这些工具是Achenbach基于经验的评估系统（ASEBA）的一部分，在美国开发了一种综合方法来评估儿童和青少年的适应和适应不良行为。乐器从英语到斯瓦希里语和当地方言来回翻译，Kamba.英文翻译的每个修订版都发送给文书作者，后者发回评论，直到修订版与作者开发的版本同步。我们使用ASEBA内置算法进行评分，以确定有问题和无问题行为的截止点。Correlations,使用线性回归和独立样本t检验来探讨这些关联。孩子的平均年龄为12.7岁。虽然在总体相关性中，通过YSR（自我报告）测量的儿童问题与通过ASR和CBCL测量的父母问题之间没有显着关联，在检查特定组时存在显著的关联(临床范围与非临床)。此外，YSR的总问题和ASR内在化问题之间存在显著关联(t=-2.3，p=0.023)，临床范围的平均值高于正常范围。此外,父母双方报告的儿童心理病理学(CBCL)与自我报告的父母心理病理学(ASR)之间存在显著关系(p<0.05).与父亲相比，母亲更有可能报告子女的综合症得分较低。我们的研究结果表明，儿童自我评分和父母评分之间存在差异，这表明，如果不参考父母的精神病理学，就无法管理儿童的精神病理学。我们建议进行广泛的心理教育，包括儿童和父母，以增强对精神病理学的共同认识和接受治疗。
