Abstract：
The herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) efficiently eliminates weeds, is frequently present in surface waters, and may damage the health of various non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in erythrocytes, DNA, and chromosomes of native South American fish Astyanax lacustris exposed to a glyphosate-based commercial herbicide Templo®. The presenty study evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA), DNA damage revealed by comet assay, and cellular morphological changes (CMC) as biomarkers. The A. lacustris specimens were exposed to Templo® for 96 h at concentrations below the permitted Brazilian legislation for freshwater environments. The glyphosate-based herbicide caused MN formation, an increased incidence of CA, DNA damage, and several types of CMC in all tested concentrations on A. lacustris. Notably, analyses were significant (p<0.05) for all concentrations, except in the frequency mean of MN at 3.7 µg/L. Thus, considering the intensive use of commercial glyphosate formulations in crops, the herbicide Templo® represents a potential risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for aquatic organisms. Therefore, environmental protection agencies must review regulations for glyphosate-based herbicides in freshwater environments.
摘要：
除草剂草甘膦（N-（膦酰基甲基）甘氨酸）有效消除杂草，经常出现在地表水中，并可能损害各种非靶标生物的健康。这项研究的主要目的是研究红细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用，DNA,和暴露于基于草甘膦的商业除草剂Templo®的南美本地鱼类Astyanaxlacustris的染色体。目前的研究评估了微核(MN)的存在，染色体畸变（CA），彗星试验揭示的DNA损伤，和细胞形态变化（CMC）作为生物标志物。将A.lacustris标本暴露于Templo®96小时，其浓度低于巴西淡水环境允许的法规。草甘膦除草剂导致MN形成，CA的发病率增加，DNA损伤,以及所有测试浓度中的几种CMC。值得注意的是,所有浓度的分析都是显著的(p<0.05)，除了MN的频率平均值为3.7µg/L。因此，考虑到在作物中大量使用商业草甘膦配方，除草剂Templo®对水生生物具有遗传毒性和细胞毒性的潜在风险。因此,环境保护机构必须审查淡水环境中草甘膦除草剂的规定。
