Abstract：
Choice impulsivity can be measured by offering a sequence of various binary choices between smaller, immediately available rewards and larger, later available rewards. An individual\'s delay discount (DD) rate reflects the aggregate decision-making tendency. Given the broad spectrum of disorders associated with a high DD rate, this may be an important transdiagnostic factor. This study aimed to establish whether post-decisional neurophysiological processes reflecting the presence of error monitoring are involved in delay discounting. A large sample (N = 97) was investigated, including 46 females and 51 males. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during the classic monetary choice questionnaire (MCQ-27). Error-related event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs) following responses were analyzed. A modest relationship between error positivity (Pe) and DD rate was seen centro-parietal, with higher amplitude for low DD individuals after choosing immediate rewards. A robust association was found between DD rate and theta oscillation power increases. This was most prominent in low DD individuals after making an immediate reward choice. Theta power was positively associated with decision (reaction) time, suggesting an association between pre- and post-decisional conflict. No evidence was found for an error-related negativity (ERN) and delta oscillations. This study provides clear evidence for conflict monitoring as a post-decision process in delay discounting. Findings suggest that diminished theta band power bursts and lower Pe amplitude, observed after choosing an immediate reward, reflect the neurophysiological consequence and possibly the cause of steep delay discounting. High DD was characterized by prefrontal hypoactivation and appears to result from affective decision-making. Highlights.
摘要：
选择冲动可以通过提供一系列不同的二元选择来衡量，立即可用的奖励和更大的，以后可用的奖励。个人的延迟贴现率(DD)反映了总体决策趋势。鉴于广泛的疾病与高DD率相关，这可能是一个重要的诊断因素.这项研究旨在确定反映错误监测存在的决策后神经生理过程是否涉及延迟折扣。调查了一个大样本(N=97)，包括46名女性和51名男性。在经典的货币选择问卷（MCQ-27）中记录了脑电图（EEG）。分析了响应后的错误相关事件相关电位（ERP）和事件相关振荡（ERO）。误差阳性（Pe）和DD率之间存在适度的关系，选择即时奖励后，低DD个体的振幅更高。在DD速率和θ振荡功率增加之间发现了稳健的关联。在做出即时奖励选择后，这在低DD个体中最为突出。Theta功率与决策（反应）时间呈正相关，暗示决策前和决策后冲突之间的联系。没有发现与错误相关的负性（ERN）和delta振荡的证据。这项研究为冲突监测作为延迟折扣的决策后过程提供了明确的证据。研究结果表明，θ带功率突发减少，Pe振幅降低，在选择即时奖励后观察，反映神经生理后果，并可能反映急剧延迟折扣的原因。高DD的特征是前额叶激活不足，似乎是由于情感决策所致。
