PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
摘要：
胰腺再生是在正常和病理条件下观察到的复杂过程。这篇综述的目的是全面了解成年胰腺中功能活跃的分泌胰岛素的β细胞群的出现。β细胞的更新受遗传和表观遗传因素的细胞来源之间的多方面相互作用支配。了解β细胞群的发育和异质性对于功能性β细胞再生至关重要。在妊娠和肥胖等情况下，胰腺β细胞的功能质量会增加。然而,在这些条件下能够增加自我繁殖的成熟β细胞群和出生后胰腺祖细胞的特异性标志物仍有待阐明。通过各种途径再生β细胞群的能力，包括预先存在的β细胞的增殖，β细胞新生,从祖细胞群体中分化出β细胞，非β细胞转分化为β细胞，揭示了识别细胞来源和功能性细胞更新诱导物的关键分子机制。这为确定特定的细胞来源和再生机制提供了机会，可以在临床上应用于治疗各种疾病，包括体外细胞技术，加深对不同生理条件下再生的认识。
