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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).
METHODS: Cross-sectional study design.
METHODS: Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
METHODS: 165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.
METHODS: VFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.
METHODS: The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.
RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study design.
METHODS: Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
METHODS: 165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.
METHODS: VFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.
METHODS: The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.
RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.
摘要：
目的：评估代谢综合征（MS）的患病率和中心性肥胖指标如体重指数（BMI）的相关性，内脏脂肪肥胖（VFA）和浅表脂肪肥胖（SFA）伴MS，糖尿病（DM）和高血压（HTN）。
方法：横断面研究设计。
方法：巴基斯坦三级保健医院。
方法：165名参与者。巴基斯坦人口中有124名男性参与者和41名女性参与者。所有18岁以上的参与者，接受过未经增强的CT腹部检查和相关血液检查，包括在内。具有已知冠心病临床病史的患者，排除HTN和DM以及妊娠患者。
方法：估计VFA和SFA，在脐部的水平。BMI数据,MS,从患者档案中提取DM和HTN。MS的数据，DM和HTN被记录为二元变量。
方法：主要结局指标是MS的患病率和MS的关联性，DM和HTN与性别，VFA,SFA和BMI。P值<0.05被认为是显著的CI为95%。
结果：MS的患病率为29.7%。MS有明显的关联，带VFA的DM和HTN，SFA和BMI。在基于性别的分析中，48.7%的女性参与者患有MS。在子集分析中，在VFA的第三个三元组中，有47％的男性受试者与MS显着相关（p值<0.05），而在BMI的肥胖类别中，只有32.7％的受试者患有MS。SFA显示仅与DM显著相关(p值<0.5)。
结论：结论：VFA与MS有显著关联，DM和HTN。考虑到这些结果,有必要进行更大样本量的进一步研究,以产生基于性别的VFA截止值,用于肥胖筛查.
方法：横断面研究设计。
方法：巴基斯坦三级保健医院。
方法：165名参与者。巴基斯坦人口中有124名男性参与者和41名女性参与者。所有18岁以上的参与者，接受过未经增强的CT腹部检查和相关血液检查，包括在内。具有已知冠心病临床病史的患者，排除HTN和DM以及妊娠患者。
方法：估计VFA和SFA，在脐部的水平。BMI数据,MS,从患者档案中提取DM和HTN。MS的数据，DM和HTN被记录为二元变量。
方法：主要结局指标是MS的患病率和MS的关联性，DM和HTN与性别，VFA,SFA和BMI。P值<0.05被认为是显著的CI为95%。
结果：MS的患病率为29.7%。MS有明显的关联，带VFA的DM和HTN，SFA和BMI。在基于性别的分析中，48.7%的女性参与者患有MS。在子集分析中，在VFA的第三个三元组中，有47％的男性受试者与MS显着相关（p值<0.05），而在BMI的肥胖类别中，只有32.7％的受试者患有MS。SFA显示仅与DM显著相关(p值<0.5)。
结论：结论：VFA与MS有显著关联，DM和HTN。考虑到这些结果,有必要进行更大样本量的进一步研究,以产生基于性别的VFA截止值,用于肥胖筛查.
