Abstract：
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives. Further, recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
摘要：
反刍动物将肠道甲烷释放到大气中，显著增加温室气体排放和环境恶化。传统缓解措施的共同重点是饮食管理和操作，在可持续性和有效性方面可能有局限性，探索必需微生物作为减少反刍动物肠道甲烷排放的新方法的潜力；近年来，这一话题引起了越来越多的关注。在瘤胃中发现的必需微生物显着帮助发酵和饲料消化，如细菌，真菌,和古细菌。在瘤胃肠道中进行的有关甲烷排放的各种研究中报告的发现的实际意义可能为理解瘤胃中CH4产生的机制铺平道路，以提高牛的饲料效率并减少牲畜的CH4排放。这篇综述讨论了使用必需细菌减少反刍动物肠道甲烷排放。它研究了特定的微生物菌株或聚生体如何改变瘤胃发酵途径以降低甲烷产量，同时保持动物的健康和生产力。我们还描述了益生菌和益生元在使用微生物饲料添加剂管理甲烷排放中的作用，已经讨论了一些涉及微生物干预的最新研究。已经强调了使用涉及功能宏基因组学和元转录组学的新方法来探索瘤胃微生物组结构。这篇综述还强调了改变肠道微生物组面临的挑战和该领域的未来方向。
