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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization\'s 2021-2030 Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases boosted global commitment towards the elimination of onchocerciasis, but the timeline to elimination will vary strongly between countries in Africa. To assess progress towards elimination in the Republic of Togo, we reviewed the history of control and time trends in infection.
RESULTS: We collated all available programmatic, entomological, and epidemiological data since the initiation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in Togo through different data sources. We then visualised data trends over time, to assess the impact of interventions on infection and transmission levels. Vector control was initiated by OCP from 1977 (northern and central parts of Togo) or 1988 (southern regions) up to 2002 (most areas) or 2007 (\"special intervention zones\" [SIZ], parts of Northern and Central Togo). Between 1988 and 1991, Togo initiated ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) in eligible communities. The impact of vector control was high in most river basins, resulting in low annual biting rates and annual transmission potential declining to very low levels; the impact was lower in river basins designated as SIZ. Repeated, longitudinal ivermectin mass treatments have overall strongly reduced onchocerciasis transmission in Togo. Epidemiological surveys performed between 2014 and 2017 showed that the prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf) and anti-OV16 IgG4 antibodies had declined to low levels in several districts of the Centrale, Plateaux, and Maritime region. Yet, relatively high mf prevalences (between 5.0% and 32.7%) were still found in other districts during the same period, particularly along the Kéran, Mô and Ôti river basins (SIZ areas).
CONCLUSIONS: Trends in infection prevalence and intensity show that onchocerciasis levels have dropped greatly over time in most areas. This demonstrates the large impact of long-term and wide-scale interventions, and suggest that several districts of Togo are approaching elimination.
RESULTS: We collated all available programmatic, entomological, and epidemiological data since the initiation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in Togo through different data sources. We then visualised data trends over time, to assess the impact of interventions on infection and transmission levels. Vector control was initiated by OCP from 1977 (northern and central parts of Togo) or 1988 (southern regions) up to 2002 (most areas) or 2007 (\"special intervention zones\" [SIZ], parts of Northern and Central Togo). Between 1988 and 1991, Togo initiated ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) in eligible communities. The impact of vector control was high in most river basins, resulting in low annual biting rates and annual transmission potential declining to very low levels; the impact was lower in river basins designated as SIZ. Repeated, longitudinal ivermectin mass treatments have overall strongly reduced onchocerciasis transmission in Togo. Epidemiological surveys performed between 2014 and 2017 showed that the prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf) and anti-OV16 IgG4 antibodies had declined to low levels in several districts of the Centrale, Plateaux, and Maritime region. Yet, relatively high mf prevalences (between 5.0% and 32.7%) were still found in other districts during the same period, particularly along the Kéran, Mô and Ôti river basins (SIZ areas).
CONCLUSIONS: Trends in infection prevalence and intensity show that onchocerciasis levels have dropped greatly over time in most areas. This demonstrates the large impact of long-term and wide-scale interventions, and suggest that several districts of Togo are approaching elimination.
摘要：
背景：世界卫生组织的2021-2030年被忽视的热带病路线图推动了全球消除盘尾丝虫病的承诺，但是非洲国家之间的消除时间表差异很大。评估多哥共和国在消除毒品方面的进展，我们回顾了感染的控制史和时间趋势.
结果：我们整理了所有可用的程序，昆虫学,自多哥开展盘尾丝虫病控制方案以来，通过不同的数据来源获得流行病学数据。然后，我们可视化了一段时间内的数据趋势，评估干预措施对感染和传播水平的影响。从1977年（多哥北部和中部）或1988年（南部地区）到2002年（大部分地区）或2007年（“特殊干预区”[SIZ]，多哥北部和中部的部分地区）。在1988年至1991年之间，多哥在符合条件的社区启动了伊维菌素大规模药物管理（MDA）。大部分流域病媒控制的影响很大,导致年咬率低，年传播潜力下降到非常低的水平；在指定为SIZ的流域，影响较低。重复,纵向伊维菌素大规模治疗总体上大大减少了多哥盘尾丝虫病的传播。2014年至2017年进行的流行病学调查显示，在中部几个地区，皮肤微丝虫（mf）和抗OV16IgG4抗体的患病率已降至较低水平。Plateaux,和海洋区域。然而，同期，其他地区的mf患病率仍较高(5.0%至32.7%)，尤其是沿着凯兰，莫及河流流域(SIZ地区)。
结论：感染患病率和强度的趋势表明，随着时间的推移，大多数地区的盘尾丝虫病水平已大大下降。这表明长期和大规模干预的巨大影响，并暗示多哥的几个地区正在接近消灭。
结果：我们整理了所有可用的程序，昆虫学,自多哥开展盘尾丝虫病控制方案以来，通过不同的数据来源获得流行病学数据。然后，我们可视化了一段时间内的数据趋势，评估干预措施对感染和传播水平的影响。从1977年（多哥北部和中部）或1988年（南部地区）到2002年（大部分地区）或2007年（“特殊干预区”[SIZ]，多哥北部和中部的部分地区）。在1988年至1991年之间，多哥在符合条件的社区启动了伊维菌素大规模药物管理（MDA）。大部分流域病媒控制的影响很大,导致年咬率低，年传播潜力下降到非常低的水平；在指定为SIZ的流域，影响较低。重复,纵向伊维菌素大规模治疗总体上大大减少了多哥盘尾丝虫病的传播。2014年至2017年进行的流行病学调查显示，在中部几个地区，皮肤微丝虫（mf）和抗OV16IgG4抗体的患病率已降至较低水平。Plateaux,和海洋区域。然而，同期，其他地区的mf患病率仍较高(5.0%至32.7%)，尤其是沿着凯兰，莫及河流流域(SIZ地区)。
结论：感染患病率和强度的趋势表明，随着时间的推移，大多数地区的盘尾丝虫病水平已大大下降。这表明长期和大规模干预的巨大影响，并暗示多哥的几个地区正在接近消灭。
