Abstract：
Besides sepsis and malignancy, malperfusion is the third leading cause of tissue degradation and a major pathomechanism for various medical and surgical conditions. Despite significant developments such as bypass surgery, endovascular procedures, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and artificial blood substitutes, tissue malperfusion, especially of visceral organs, remains a pressing issue in patient care. The demand for further research on biomedical processes and possible interventions is high. Valid biological models are of utmost importance in enabling this kind of research. Due to the multifactorial aspects of tissue perfusion research, which include not only cell biology but also vascular microanatomy and rheology, an appropriate model requires a degree of biological complexity that only an animal model can provide, rendering rodents the obvious model of choice. Tissue malperfusion can be differentiated into three distinct conditions: (1) isolated arterial ischemia, (2) isolated venous congestion, and (3) combined malperfusion. This article presents a detailed step-by-step protocol for the controlled and reversible induction of these three types of visceral malperfusion via midline laparotomy and clamping of the abdominal aorta and caval vein in rats, underscoring the significance of precise surgical methodology to guarantee uniform and dependable results. Prime examples of possible applications of this model include the development and validation of innovative intraoperative imaging modalities, such as Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI), to objectively visualize and differentiate malperfusion of gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological organs.
摘要：
除了败血症和恶性肿瘤,灌注不良是组织降解的第三大原因,并且是各种医学和外科病症的主要病理机制。尽管有诸如搭桥手术等重大发展，血管内手术,体外膜氧合，和人造血液替代品，组织灌注不良,尤其是内脏器官，在病人护理中仍然是一个紧迫的问题。对生物医学过程和可能的干预措施的进一步研究的需求很高。有效的生物模型对于实现这种研究至关重要。由于组织灌注研究的多因素方面，不仅包括细胞生物学，还包括血管显微解剖学和流变学，一个合适的模型需要一定程度的生物复杂性，只有动物模型可以提供，使啮齿动物成为明显的选择模型。组织灌注不良可以分为三种不同的情况：（1）孤立的动脉缺血，（2）孤立性静脉充血，和(3)联合灌注不良。本文介绍了一个详细的分步方案，用于通过中线剖腹手术和夹闭大鼠腹主动脉和腔静脉来控制和可逆地诱导这三种类型的内脏灌注不良，强调精确的手术方法的重要性，以保证统一和可靠的结果。该模型可能应用的主要例子包括创新的术中成像模式的开发和验证。如高光谱成像(HSI)，为了客观地可视化和区分胃肠道灌注不良，妇科,还有泌尿器官.
