PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Acute infections cause local and systemic disorders which can lead in the most severe forms to multi-organ failure and eventually to death. The host response to infection encompasses a large spectrum of reactions with a concomitant activation of the so-called inflammatory response aimed at fighting the infectious agent and removing damaged tissues or cells, and the anti-inflammatory response aimed at controlling inflammation and initiating the healing process. Fine-tuning at the local and systemic levels is key to preventing local and remote injury due to immune system activation. Thus, during bacterial sepsis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concomitant systemic and compartmentalized pro-inflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory responses are occurring. Immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes), as well as endothelial cells, differ from one compartment to another and contribute to specific organ responses to sterile and microbial insult. Furthermore, tissue-specific microbiota influences the local and systemic response. A better understanding of the tissue-specific immune status, the organ immunity crosstalk, and the role of specific mediators during sepsis and COVID-19 can foster the development of more accurate biomarkers for better diagnosis and prognosis and help to define appropriate host-targeted treatments and vaccines in the context of precision medicine.
摘要：
急性感染引起局部和全身性疾病,其可以以最严重的形式导致多器官衰竭并最终导致死亡。宿主对感染的反应包括大范围的反应，伴随着所谓的炎症反应的激活，旨在对抗感染因子并去除受损的组织或细胞。以及旨在控制炎症和启动愈合过程的抗炎反应。局部和全身水平的微调是预防由于免疫系统激活引起的局部和远程损伤的关键。因此，2019年细菌性败血症和冠状病毒病（COVID-19），同时发生全身性和区室性的促炎和代偿性抗炎反应。免疫细胞(例如，巨噬细胞，中性粒细胞，自然杀伤细胞,和T淋巴细胞），以及内皮细胞，一个隔室与另一个隔室不同，并有助于对无菌和微生物损伤的特定器官反应。此外，组织特异性微生物群影响局部和全身反应。更好地了解组织特异性免疫状态，器官免疫串扰，在脓毒症和COVID-19过程中特定介质的作用可以促进更准确的生物标志物的开发，以更好地诊断和预后，并有助于在精准医学的背景下定义适当的宿主靶向治疗和疫苗。
