Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, type, site and breed predisposition of thoracic congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) in neurologically normal brachycephalic \'screw-tail\' dog breeds.
METHODS: Retrospective case series.
METHODS: Neurologically normal French Bulldogs (n = 63), British Bulldogs (n = 42), Boston Terriers (n = 4) and Pugs (n = 86) presenting for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome treatment.
METHODS: Either a plain computer tomography scan of the thorax or lateral and dorso-ventral digital radiographs of the thoracic vertebral column of each dog were assessed for any vertebral malformations and classed according to the Modified McMaster vertebral abnormality classification scheme proposed by Guiterrez et al. RESULTS: The prevalence of dogs with one or more abnormal vertebrae was 96.82% in French Bulldogs, 90.47% in British Bulldogs, and 76.74% in Pugs. Pugs had significantly lower instances of CVMs than French Bulldogs. The four Boston Terriers all had vertebral malformations, but the results were not considered to be statistically significant due to their small sample size. In French Bulldogs and British Bulldogs, ventral hypoplasia (Type 3) occurred at greater rates than all other types, followed by ventral and median hypoplasia (Types 7) and symmetrical hypoplasia (Type 8). In Pugs, symmetrical hypoplasia (Type 8) was the most common and then ventral hypoplasia (Type 3). The most affected vertebrae were T6-T9 in Pugs and T5-T10 in French Bulldogs and British Bulldogs.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of neurologically normal brachycephalic \'screw-tail\' dogs assessed in this paper possessed one or more congenital thoracic vertebral malformations. Dogs with vertebral malformations were found to be more likely to have more than one affected vertebra. Sex had no effect on the prevalence of CVM.
CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of neurologically normal brachycephalic \'screw-tail\' dogs suffer from congenital vertebral malformations. Thus, the need for selective breeding programmes to eliminate this hereditary condition is crucial.
METHODS: Retrospective case series.
METHODS: Neurologically normal French Bulldogs (n = 63), British Bulldogs (n = 42), Boston Terriers (n = 4) and Pugs (n = 86) presenting for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome treatment.
METHODS: Either a plain computer tomography scan of the thorax or lateral and dorso-ventral digital radiographs of the thoracic vertebral column of each dog were assessed for any vertebral malformations and classed according to the Modified McMaster vertebral abnormality classification scheme proposed by Guiterrez et al. RESULTS: The prevalence of dogs with one or more abnormal vertebrae was 96.82% in French Bulldogs, 90.47% in British Bulldogs, and 76.74% in Pugs. Pugs had significantly lower instances of CVMs than French Bulldogs. The four Boston Terriers all had vertebral malformations, but the results were not considered to be statistically significant due to their small sample size. In French Bulldogs and British Bulldogs, ventral hypoplasia (Type 3) occurred at greater rates than all other types, followed by ventral and median hypoplasia (Types 7) and symmetrical hypoplasia (Type 8). In Pugs, symmetrical hypoplasia (Type 8) was the most common and then ventral hypoplasia (Type 3). The most affected vertebrae were T6-T9 in Pugs and T5-T10 in French Bulldogs and British Bulldogs.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of neurologically normal brachycephalic \'screw-tail\' dogs assessed in this paper possessed one or more congenital thoracic vertebral malformations. Dogs with vertebral malformations were found to be more likely to have more than one affected vertebra. Sex had no effect on the prevalence of CVM.
CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of neurologically normal brachycephalic \'screw-tail\' dogs suffer from congenital vertebral malformations. Thus, the need for selective breeding programmes to eliminate this hereditary condition is crucial.
摘要：
目的：评估患病率，type,在神经系统正常的短脑\'螺钉尾\'犬品种中，胸椎先天性椎骨畸形（CVM）的部位和品种倾向。
方法：回顾性病例系列。
方法：神经系统正常的法国斗牛犬（n=63），英国斗牛犬（n=42），BostonTerriers（n=4）和Pugs（n=86）用于治疗短脑阻塞性气道综合征。
方法：对每只狗的胸部进行普通计算机断层扫描或胸椎柱的外侧和背腹侧数字X射线照片进行评估，以确定是否存在任何椎骨畸形，并根据Guiterrez等人提出的改良McMaster椎骨异常分类方案进行分类。结果：在法国斗牛犬中，一个或多个椎骨异常的狗的患病率为96.82％，90.47%的英国斗牛犬，哈巴狗的比例为76.74%。哈巴狗的CVM发生率明显低于法国斗牛犬。四只波士顿猎犬都有脊椎畸形,但由于样本量小,结果被认为没有统计学意义.在法国斗牛犬和英国斗牛犬中，腹侧发育不全（3型）的发生率高于所有其他类型，其次是腹侧和正中发育不全（7型）和对称发育不全（8型）。在哈巴狗，对称发育不全（8型）是最常见的，然后是腹侧发育不全（3型）。受影响最大的椎骨是哈巴狗的T6-T9和法国斗牛犬和英国斗牛犬的T5-T10。
结论：本文评估的大多数神经系统正常的短头型“螺钉尾”犬具有一种或多种先天性胸椎畸形。发现患有椎骨畸形的狗更有可能患有一个以上的受影响椎骨。性别对CVM的患病率没有影响。
结论：相当数量的神经系统正常的短头“螺旋尾”犬患有先天性椎骨畸形。因此，需要选择性育种计划来消除这种遗传性疾病是至关重要的。
方法：回顾性病例系列。
方法：神经系统正常的法国斗牛犬（n=63），英国斗牛犬（n=42），BostonTerriers（n=4）和Pugs（n=86）用于治疗短脑阻塞性气道综合征。
方法：对每只狗的胸部进行普通计算机断层扫描或胸椎柱的外侧和背腹侧数字X射线照片进行评估，以确定是否存在任何椎骨畸形，并根据Guiterrez等人提出的改良McMaster椎骨异常分类方案进行分类。结果：在法国斗牛犬中，一个或多个椎骨异常的狗的患病率为96.82％，90.47%的英国斗牛犬，哈巴狗的比例为76.74%。哈巴狗的CVM发生率明显低于法国斗牛犬。四只波士顿猎犬都有脊椎畸形,但由于样本量小,结果被认为没有统计学意义.在法国斗牛犬和英国斗牛犬中，腹侧发育不全（3型）的发生率高于所有其他类型，其次是腹侧和正中发育不全（7型）和对称发育不全（8型）。在哈巴狗，对称发育不全（8型）是最常见的，然后是腹侧发育不全（3型）。受影响最大的椎骨是哈巴狗的T6-T9和法国斗牛犬和英国斗牛犬的T5-T10。
结论：本文评估的大多数神经系统正常的短头型“螺钉尾”犬具有一种或多种先天性胸椎畸形。发现患有椎骨畸形的狗更有可能患有一个以上的受影响椎骨。性别对CVM的患病率没有影响。
结论：相当数量的神经系统正常的短头“螺旋尾”犬患有先天性椎骨畸形。因此，需要选择性育种计划来消除这种遗传性疾病是至关重要的。
