Abstract：
Lung cancer holds the position of being the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities on a global scale. Furthermore, it exhibits the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. The survival rate within a span of 5 years is less than 20%, primarily due to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in less effective treatment options compared to earlier stages. There are two main types of primary lung cancer: nonsmall-cell lung cancer, which accounts for approximately 80%-85% of all cases, and small-cell lung cancer, which is categorized based on the specific type of cells in which the cancer originates. The understanding of the biology of this disease and the identification of oncogenic driver alterations have significantly transformed the landscape of therapeutic approaches. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes through diverse molecular mechanisms. Among these lncRNAs, lncRNA H19, initially identified as an oncofetal transcript, has garnered significant attention due to its elevated expression in numerous tumors. Extensive research has confirmed its involvement in tumorigenesis and malignant progression by promoting cell growth, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the aberrant overexpression of lncRNA H19 and the molecular pathways through which it contributes to the advancement of lung cancer. The findings of this review highlight the potential for further investigation into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, offering promising avenues for future research.
摘要：
肺癌在全球范围内一直是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。此外，它在所有类型的癌症中显示出最高的死亡率。5年内的生存率不到20%,主要是由于这种疾病通常在晚期被诊断出来，导致与早期阶段相比，治疗方案效果较差。原发性肺癌有两种主要类型：非小细胞肺癌，约占所有病例的80%-85%，和小细胞肺癌，根据癌症起源的特定细胞类型进行分类。对这种疾病生物学的理解和致癌驱动因素改变的识别已经显着改变了治疗方法的格局。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）通过不同的分子机制在调节各种生理和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用。在这些lncRNAs中，lncRNAH19，最初被鉴定为肿瘤胎儿转录本，由于其在许多肿瘤中的表达升高，因此引起了极大的关注。广泛的研究已经证实其参与肿瘤发生和恶性进展通过促进细胞生长，入侵,迁移,上皮-间质转化，转移,和治疗抵抗。这篇全面的综述旨在概述lncRNAH19的异常过表达及其有助于肺癌进展的分子途径。这篇综述的发现强调了进一步研究这种疾病的诊断和治疗的潜力，为未来的研究提供了有希望的途径。
