Abstract：
The intricate process of shell biomineralization in marine molluscs is governed by a complex interplay of regulatory elements, encompassing secretomes, transporters, and noncoding RNA. This review delves into recent advancements in understanding these regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing their significance in elucidating the functions and evolutionary dynamics of the molluscan shell biomineralization process. Central to this intricate orchestration are secretomes with diverse functional domains, selectively exported to the extrapallial space, which directly regulate crystal growth and morphology. Transporters are crucial for substrate transportation in the calcification and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Beyond proteins and transporters, noncoding RNA molecules are integral components influencing shell biomineralization. This review underscores the nonnegligible roles played by these genetic elements at the molecular level. To comprehend the complexity of biomineralization in mollusc, we explore the origin and evolutionary history of regulatory elements, primarily secretomes. While some elements have recently evolved, others are ancient genes that have been co-opted into the biomineralization toolkit. These elements undergo structural and functional evolution through rapidly evolving repetitive low-complexity domains and domain gain/loss/rearrangements, ultimately shaping a distinctive set of secretomes characterized by both conserved features and evolutionary innovations. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of molluscan biomineralization at the molecular and genetic levels.
摘要：
海洋软体动物壳生物矿化的复杂过程受调节元素的复杂相互作用控制，包括分泌体，运输商,和非编码RNA。这篇综述深入研究了在理解这些监管机制方面的最新进展，强调它们在阐明软体动物壳生物矿化过程的功能和进化动力学方面的重要性。这种复杂的编排的核心是具有不同功能结构域的分泌体，有选择地输出到肌肉外空间，直接调节晶体生长和形态。转运蛋白对于钙化和维持细胞稳态的底物运输至关重要。除了蛋白质和转运蛋白，非编码RNA分子是影响壳生物矿化的组成部分。这篇综述强调了这些遗传元件在分子水平上发挥的不可忽视的作用。为了理解软体动物生物矿化的复杂性，我们探索调控元件的起源和进化史，主要是分泌体。虽然一些元素最近进化了，其他是已被纳入生物矿化工具包的古老基因。这些元素通过快速进化的重复低复杂度域和域增益/损失/重排经历结构和功能进化，最终形成一组独特的以保守特征和进化创新为特征的分泌体。这篇全面的综述增强了我们在分子和遗传水平上对软体动物生物矿化的理解。
