Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nitrofurazone (NFZ) is a widely-used antimicrobial agent in aquaculture. The NFZ residue can be transmitted to humans through the food chain, and cause adverse health effects including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Until now, a number of modified electrodes have been developed for NFZ detection, however, there are some issues that need to be improved. For example, the reported detection sensitivity is relatively low, the modification procedure is complicated, and conventional three-electrode system is used. Therefore, it is quite important to develop new NFZ detection method with higher sensitivity, simplicity and practicality.
RESULTS: Herein, a kind of integrated three-electrode array consisted with porous graphene is easily prepared through laser engraving of commercial polyimide tape. Five kinds of graphene arrays were prepared at different laser power percentage (i.e. 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % and 70 %). It is found that their structure, morphology, fluffiness and porosity show great difference, consequently affecting the electrochemical performance of graphene arrays such as conductivity, active area and electron transfer ability. The engraved graphene array at 50 % laser power percentage (LIG-50 array) is superior owing to uniform 3D structure, abundant pores and high stability. More importantly, LIG-50 array is more active for NFZ oxidation, and significantly enhances the detection sensitivity. The linear range of LIG-50 sensor is from 0.2 to 8 μM, and the detection limit is 0.035 μM, which is successfully used in fish meat samples.
CONCLUSIONS: A sensitive, portable and practical electrochemical sensor has been successfully developed for NFZ using laser-engraved graphene array. The demonstration using fish meat samples manifests this new sensor has good accuracy and great potential in application. This study could provide a new possibility for the design and fabrication of other high-performance electrochemical sensor for various applications in the future.
RESULTS: Herein, a kind of integrated three-electrode array consisted with porous graphene is easily prepared through laser engraving of commercial polyimide tape. Five kinds of graphene arrays were prepared at different laser power percentage (i.e. 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % and 70 %). It is found that their structure, morphology, fluffiness and porosity show great difference, consequently affecting the electrochemical performance of graphene arrays such as conductivity, active area and electron transfer ability. The engraved graphene array at 50 % laser power percentage (LIG-50 array) is superior owing to uniform 3D structure, abundant pores and high stability. More importantly, LIG-50 array is more active for NFZ oxidation, and significantly enhances the detection sensitivity. The linear range of LIG-50 sensor is from 0.2 to 8 μM, and the detection limit is 0.035 μM, which is successfully used in fish meat samples.
CONCLUSIONS: A sensitive, portable and practical electrochemical sensor has been successfully developed for NFZ using laser-engraved graphene array. The demonstration using fish meat samples manifests this new sensor has good accuracy and great potential in application. This study could provide a new possibility for the design and fabrication of other high-performance electrochemical sensor for various applications in the future.
摘要：
背景：硝基呋喃嗪（NFZ）是水产养殖中广泛使用的抗微生物剂。NFZ残基可以通过食物链传播给人类，并引起不良健康影响，包括致癌作用和致畸作用。直到现在,已经开发了许多用于NFZ检测的修饰电极，然而,有一些问题需要改进。例如,报告的检测灵敏度相对较低，修改程序复杂，和传统的三电极系统。因此,开发具有更高灵敏度的NFZ检测新方法非常重要，简单实用。
结果：这里，一种由多孔石墨烯组成的集成三电极阵列很容易通过商业聚酰亚胺胶带的激光雕刻制备。在不同的激光功率百分比（即30％，40%,50%,60%和70%）。发现它们的结构，形态学,蓬松度和孔隙率差异很大，从而影响石墨烯阵列的电化学性能，如电导率，有效面积和电子转移能力。雕刻石墨烯阵列在50％激光功率百分比（LIG-50阵列）由于均匀的3D结构优越，丰富的毛孔和高稳定性。更重要的是,LIG-50阵列对NFZ氧化更具活性，并显著提高了检测灵敏度。LIG-50传感器的线性范围为0.2至8μM，检出限为0.035μM，成功用于鱼肉样品。
结论：敏感的，便携式和实用的电化学传感器已成功开发用于NFZ使用激光雕刻石墨烯阵列。使用鱼肉样品的演示表明，这种新型传感器具有良好的准确性和巨大的应用潜力。本研究为今后各种应用的高性能电化学传感器的设计与制造提供了新的可能。
结果：这里，一种由多孔石墨烯组成的集成三电极阵列很容易通过商业聚酰亚胺胶带的激光雕刻制备。在不同的激光功率百分比（即30％，40%,50%,60%和70%）。发现它们的结构，形态学,蓬松度和孔隙率差异很大，从而影响石墨烯阵列的电化学性能，如电导率，有效面积和电子转移能力。雕刻石墨烯阵列在50％激光功率百分比（LIG-50阵列）由于均匀的3D结构优越，丰富的毛孔和高稳定性。更重要的是,LIG-50阵列对NFZ氧化更具活性，并显著提高了检测灵敏度。LIG-50传感器的线性范围为0.2至8μM，检出限为0.035μM，成功用于鱼肉样品。
结论：敏感的，便携式和实用的电化学传感器已成功开发用于NFZ使用激光雕刻石墨烯阵列。使用鱼肉样品的演示表明，这种新型传感器具有良好的准确性和巨大的应用潜力。本研究为今后各种应用的高性能电化学传感器的设计与制造提供了新的可能。
