PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare clinical conditions characterized by a diverse array of systemic manifestations that arise in association with malignant tumours, often due to the production of bioactive substances by the tumour or an autoimmune response to the tumour. Melanoma, a malignant skin neoplasm originating from melanocytes, has been associated with various paraneoplastic syndromes. This paper provides an overview of the key paraneoplastic syndromes observed in patients with melanoma. Paraneoplastic syndromes in melanoma can manifest with neurological, dermatological, endocrine, haematological, and rheumatological symptoms, among others. Melanoma-associated retinopathy was the most reported paraneoplastic syndrome; this entity is characterized by a spectrum of retinal abnormalities. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, such as paraneoplastic encephalitis and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, are among the most frequently reported. The pathophysiology of paraneoplastic syndromes often involves the production of autoantibodies against neuronal or tumour antigens, immune-mediated reactions, or the release of cytokines and growth factors from the tumour. Management strategies for paraneoplastic syndromes associated with melanoma primarily focus on treating the underlying malignancy, which may lead to resolution or improvement of the paraneoplastic manifestations. Immune-modulating therapies, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasmapheresis, may be considered in selected cases to ameliorate symptoms and suppress the autoimmune response. In conclusion, paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with melanoma are a complex and diverse group of clinical entities with a broad range of presentations. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic options for paraneoplastic syndromes associated with melanoma.
摘要：
副肿瘤综合征是一组罕见的临床疾病，其特征是与恶性肿瘤相关的一系列系统性表现。通常是由于肿瘤产生生物活性物质或对肿瘤的自身免疫反应。黑色素瘤,一种源自黑素细胞的恶性皮肤肿瘤，与各种副肿瘤综合征有关。本文概述了在黑色素瘤患者中观察到的关键副肿瘤综合征。黑色素瘤的副肿瘤综合征可以表现为神经系统，皮肤病学,内分泌，血液学，和风湿病症状，在其他人中。黑色素瘤相关的视网膜病变是报道最多的副肿瘤综合征；该实体的特征是一系列视网膜异常。副肿瘤神经综合征,如副肿瘤性脑炎和副肿瘤性小脑变性，是最经常报道的。副肿瘤综合征的病理生理学通常涉及针对神经元或肿瘤抗原的自身抗体的产生。免疫介导的反应，或从肿瘤中释放细胞因子和生长因子。与黑色素瘤相关的副肿瘤综合征的管理策略主要集中在治疗潜在的恶性肿瘤。这可能导致副肿瘤表现的解决或改善。免疫调节疗法,包括皮质类固醇,静脉注射免疫球蛋白，和血浆置换,在某些情况下，可以考虑改善症状并抑制自身免疫反应。总之,黑色素瘤患者的副肿瘤综合征是一组复杂多样的临床实体，表现广泛。需要进一步的研究来增强我们对与黑色素瘤相关的副肿瘤综合征的机制和治疗选择的理解。
