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Abstract：
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) represent the ectopic aggregations of immune cells arising during chronic inflammation or tumor progression. In cancer, TLS are often associated with beneficial clinical outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, underscoring their prognostic and predictive significance. Mature TLS, characterized by germinal centers and areas of T-cell and B-cell aggregation, are considered primary locations for activating and maintaining both humoral and cellular anti-tumor immune effects. Despite their recognized importance, the mechanisms driving the formation of mature TLS in cancer and their influence on the immune response within tumors remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the structural composition, development mechanisms, maturity impact factors, immunological function, and innovative therapeutic strategies of mature TLS within the tumor microenvironment. The research summarized herein offers novel insights and considerations for therapeutic approaches to promote TLS generation and maturation in patients with cancer, representing a promising avenue for future cancer therapies.
摘要：
三级淋巴结构(TLS)代表在慢性炎症或肿瘤进展期间产生的免疫细胞的异位聚集。在癌症中，在接受免疫治疗的患者中，TLS通常与有益的临床结果相关。强调其预后和预测意义。成熟的TLS,以生发中心和T细胞和B细胞聚集区域为特征，被认为是激活和维持体液和细胞抗肿瘤免疫作用的主要位置。尽管它们具有公认的重要性,在癌症中驱动成熟TLS形成的机制及其对肿瘤内免疫反应的影响仍未被充分理解。因此,这篇综述旨在全面探讨结构组成，发展机制,成熟度影响因素，免疫功能，以及肿瘤微环境中成熟TLS的创新治疗策略。本文总结的研究为促进癌症患者TLS生成和成熟的治疗方法提供了新的见解和考虑因素。代表了未来癌症治疗的一个有希望的途径。
