Abstract：
Understanding the correlation between demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors with e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, and dual use is essential for targeted public health interventions. This study examines the prevalence of these behaviors in Scotland and identifies the associated factors. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Scottish Health Survey data from 2017 to 2021, leveraging data from 12,644 participants aged 16 and older: 2271 cigarette smokers, 687 e-cigarette users, 428 dual users, and 9258 never users. Weighted prevalences were calculated by age group, sex, and survey year, followed by weighted multinomial logistic regression to explore associated factors. The overall prevalences were 72.0% (95% CI 70.9-73.1) for never users, 18.9% (95% CI 17.9-19.9) for cigarette smokers, 5.5% (95% CI 5.0-6.1) for e-cigarette users, and 3.6% (95% CI 3.2-4.0) for dual users. From 2017 to 2021, cigarette smoking declined from 21.7% (95% CI 19.6-23.9) to 13.1% (95% CI 11.5-15.0), e-cigarette use from 6.5% (95% CI 5.4-7.8) to 4.8% (95% CI 3.6-6.4), and dual use from 3.7% (95% CI 2.9-4.6) to 2.7% (95% CI 1.9-3.7). Age was a critical factor, with the 25-34 age group more likely to use e-cigarettes (p = 0.007) and the 35-44 age group more likely to engage in dual use (p = 0.006) compared to the 16-24 age group. Males had higher odds of e-cigarette use than females (p = 0.031). White individuals had higher odds of using e-cigarettes (p = 0.023) and being dual users (p = 0.017) compared to non-whites. Previously married individuals had higher odds of dual use than singles (p = 0.031). Larger household sizes were linked to reduced odds of all three behaviors (p = 0.001). Rural residents were less likely to use e-cigarettes compared to urban residents (p = 0.025). Higher education correlated with lower odds of all three behaviors (p = 0.001). Manual occupation increased the likelihood of dual use (p = 0.042). Lower income and higher deprivation significantly increased the odds of all three behaviors (p < 0.001). Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with increased odds of the three behaviors (p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality correlated with increased odds of dual use (p = 0.002) and cigarette smoking (p < 0.001). Adherence to physical activity guidelines was associated with reduced odds of all three behaviors (cigarette smoking p < 0.001, e-cigarette use p = 0.031, dual use p = 0.016). In conclusion, this study showed a decline in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and dual usage from 2017 to 2021 in Scotland. Significant associations with demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors highlight the need for targeted public health interventions.
摘要：
了解人口统计学之间的相关性，社会经济,以及使用电子烟的生活方式因素，吸烟,双重用途对于有针对性的公共卫生干预措施至关重要。这项研究调查了这些行为在苏格兰的患病率，并确定了相关因素。我们对2017年至2021年的苏格兰健康调查数据进行了重复的横截面分析，利用了12644名16岁及以上参与者的数据：2271名吸烟者，687个电子烟用户，428个双用户,9258从不用户。加权患病率按年龄组计算，性别,和调查年，其次是加权多项logistic回归，探讨相关因素。从未使用过的用户的总体患病率为72.0%(95%CI70.9-73.1)，吸烟者占18.9%（95%CI17.9-19.9），电子烟用户的5.5%（95%CI5.0-6.1），双用户为3.6%（95%CI3.2-4.0）。从2017年到2021年，吸烟从21.7%(95%CI19.6-23.9)下降到13.1%(95%CI11.5-15.0)，电子烟使用率从6.5%(95%CI5.4-7.8)降至4.8%(95%CI3.6-6.4)，双重用途从3.7%（95%CI2.9-4.6）降至2.7%（95%CI1.9-3.7）。年龄是一个关键因素，与16-24年龄组相比，25-34年龄组更可能使用电子烟（p=0.007）和35-44年龄组更可能从事双重用途（p=0.006）。男性使用电子烟的几率高于女性（p=0.031）。与非白人相比，白人使用电子烟（p=0.023）和双重使用者（p=0.017）的几率更高。以前已婚的人双重使用的几率高于单身（p=0.031）。较大的家庭规模与所有三种行为的几率降低有关（p=0.001）。与城市居民相比，农村居民使用电子烟的可能性较小（p=0.025）。高等教育与所有三种行为的较低几率相关(p=0.001)。人工职业增加了双重用途的可能性（p=0.042）。较低的收入和较高的剥夺显着增加了所有三种行为的几率（p<0.001）。过量饮酒与这三种行为的几率增加相关(p<0.001)。睡眠质量差与双重使用（p=0.002）和吸烟（p<0.001）的几率增加相关。坚持体力活动指南与所有三种行为的几率降低相关（吸烟p<0.001，使用电子烟p=0.031，双重用途p=0.016）。总之,这项研究表明，吸烟的患病率有所下降，电子烟的使用，和2017年至2021年在苏格兰的双重使用。与人口统计的重要关联，社会经济,和生活方式因素凸显了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性.
