PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Sour rot (SR) is one of the major diseases affecting grapevine berries, causing severe yield losses and deterioration of wine quality. SR is caused by an etiologic complex of microorganisms, including yeasts, bacteria, and filamentous fungi. This systematic review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and control of SR. A total of 74 papers published between 1986 and 2023 were assessed in this review. Description of disease symptoms was quite consistent across the papers, including oxidation of the grape skin, disaggregation of the internal tissues, and detachment of the rotten berries from the pedicel. The affected bunches are characterized by the smell of acetic acid and ethyl acetate that attracts fruit flies (Drosophila spp.). However, several knowledge gaps and/or inconsistencies were identified with respect to SR etiology, epidemiology, and control. Overall, 146 microorganisms were isolated from the affected berries (44.5% yeasts, 34.3% bacteria, and 21.2% filamentous fungi); however, the selected papers could not definitively clarify which species are primarily involved in the etiology of the disease. A general inconsistency was also observed in the methods used to assess the incidence and severity of SR in vineyards, making inter-study comparisons extremely challenging. Inconsistencies were also found in the methods used for pathogenicity assessment in artificial inoculation studies. Furthermore, gaps were detected in terms of SR epidemiology, with a focus on environmental conditions affecting the disease development. The SR management options are limited, and efficacy trials often result in poor, variable, and inconsistent levels of control, which might be attributed to the lack of knowledge on disease epidemiology. These knowledge gaps and inconsistencies were analyzed in this review to inform future research activities.
摘要：
酸腐（SR）是影响葡萄树浆果的主要疾病之一，导致严重的产量损失和葡萄酒质量恶化。SR是由微生物的病因学复合体引起的，包括酵母,细菌,和丝状真菌。这篇系统的综述侧重于病因，流行病学,和SR的控制。这篇综述共评估了1986年至2023年之间发表的74篇论文。论文中对疾病症状的描述相当一致，包括葡萄皮的氧化，内部组织的分解，腐烂的浆果从花梗上脱落。受影响的束的特征是乙酸和乙酸乙酯的气味吸引果蝇（果蝇属。).然而,在SR病因方面发现了一些知识空白和/或不一致之处，流行病学,和控制。总的来说,从受影响的浆果中分离出146种微生物(44.5%的酵母，34.3%细菌,和21.2%的丝状真菌)；然而，选定的论文无法明确阐明主要涉及该疾病病因的物种。在用于评估葡萄园中SR的发生率和严重程度的方法中也观察到一般的不一致。使研究间比较极具挑战性。在人工接种研究中用于致病性评估的方法中也发现了不一致。此外，在SR流行病学方面发现了差距，重点关注影响疾病发展的环境条件。SR管理选项有限，和疗效试验往往导致差，变量,和不一致的控制水平，这可能归因于缺乏疾病流行病学知识。在这篇综述中分析了这些知识差距和不一致之处，以告知未来的研究活动。
