Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Tyrosinase, often recognized as polyphenol oxidase, plays a pivotal role as an enzyme in catalyzing the formation of melanin-a complex process involving the oxidation of monophenols and o-diphenols.
OBJECTIVE: Tyrosinase functions as a monooxygenase, facilitating the o-hydroxylation of monophenols to generate the corresponding catechols, as well as catalyzing the oxidation of monophenols to form the corresponding o-quinones, exhibiting diphenolase or catecholase activity. This versatile enzymatic capability is not limited to specific organisms but is found across various sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammals.
METHODS: Pertinent research articles, reviews, and patents on tyrosinase were gathered through a comprehensive literature search. These materials were analyzed to gain insights into the diverse applications of tyrosinase. The review was structured by categorizing these applications and offering a thorough summary of the current state of knowledge in the field.
RESULTS: Based on the literature survey, tyrosinase exhibits promising potential across a spectrum of biotechnological applications. These include but are not limited to: synthesizing L-DOPA, creating innovative mixed melanins, manufacturing phenolic biosensors, deploying in food and feed industries, facilitating protein cross-linking, eliminating phenols and dyes, and serving as a biocatalyst. Moreover, immobilized tyrosinase demonstrates multiple utility avenues within the pharmaceutical sector.
CONCLUSIONS: The article offers a comprehensive exploration of tyrosinase, encompassing its structural features, evolutionary origins, biochemical characteristics, and contemporary applications in various fields.
OBJECTIVE: Tyrosinase functions as a monooxygenase, facilitating the o-hydroxylation of monophenols to generate the corresponding catechols, as well as catalyzing the oxidation of monophenols to form the corresponding o-quinones, exhibiting diphenolase or catecholase activity. This versatile enzymatic capability is not limited to specific organisms but is found across various sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammals.
METHODS: Pertinent research articles, reviews, and patents on tyrosinase were gathered through a comprehensive literature search. These materials were analyzed to gain insights into the diverse applications of tyrosinase. The review was structured by categorizing these applications and offering a thorough summary of the current state of knowledge in the field.
RESULTS: Based on the literature survey, tyrosinase exhibits promising potential across a spectrum of biotechnological applications. These include but are not limited to: synthesizing L-DOPA, creating innovative mixed melanins, manufacturing phenolic biosensors, deploying in food and feed industries, facilitating protein cross-linking, eliminating phenols and dyes, and serving as a biocatalyst. Moreover, immobilized tyrosinase demonstrates multiple utility avenues within the pharmaceutical sector.
CONCLUSIONS: The article offers a comprehensive exploration of tyrosinase, encompassing its structural features, evolutionary origins, biochemical characteristics, and contemporary applications in various fields.
摘要：
背景：酪氨酸酶，通常被认为是多酚氧化酶，作为酶在催化黑色素形成中起着关键作用，黑色素是一个复杂的过程，涉及单酚和邻二酚的氧化。
目的：酪氨酸酶作为单加氧酶，促进单酚的邻羟基化以产生相应的儿茶酚，以及催化单酚氧化形成相应的邻醌，表现出二酚酶或儿茶酚酶活性。这种多功能的酶促能力不仅限于特定的生物体，而且可以在各种来源中找到。包括细菌,真菌,植物,和哺乳动物。
方法：相关研究文章，reviews,通过全面的文献检索收集了酪氨酸酶的专利。对这些材料进行了分析，以了解酪氨酸酶的各种应用。审查的结构是通过对这些应用程序进行分类，并全面总结该领域的知识现状。
结果：根据文献调查，酪氨酸酶在一系列生物技术应用中显示出有希望的潜力。这些包括但不限于：合成L-DOPA，创造创新的混合黑色素，制造酚类生物传感器，在食品和饲料工业中部署，促进蛋白质交联，消除酚类和染料，充当生物催化剂。此外，固定化酪氨酸酶在制药领域展示了多种实用途径。
结论：本文对酪氨酸酶，包括其结构特征，进化起源,生化特性，以及在各个领域的当代应用。
目的：酪氨酸酶作为单加氧酶，促进单酚的邻羟基化以产生相应的儿茶酚，以及催化单酚氧化形成相应的邻醌，表现出二酚酶或儿茶酚酶活性。这种多功能的酶促能力不仅限于特定的生物体，而且可以在各种来源中找到。包括细菌,真菌,植物,和哺乳动物。
方法：相关研究文章，reviews,通过全面的文献检索收集了酪氨酸酶的专利。对这些材料进行了分析，以了解酪氨酸酶的各种应用。审查的结构是通过对这些应用程序进行分类，并全面总结该领域的知识现状。
结果：根据文献调查，酪氨酸酶在一系列生物技术应用中显示出有希望的潜力。这些包括但不限于：合成L-DOPA，创造创新的混合黑色素，制造酚类生物传感器，在食品和饲料工业中部署，促进蛋白质交联，消除酚类和染料，充当生物催化剂。此外，固定化酪氨酸酶在制药领域展示了多种实用途径。
结论：本文对酪氨酸酶，包括其结构特征，进化起源,生化特性，以及在各个领域的当代应用。
