PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Sciatic nerve injury (SNI) is a common type of peripheral nerve injury typically resulting from trauma, such as contusion, sharp force injuries, drug injections, pelvic fractures, or hip dislocations. It leads to both sensory and motor dysfunctions, characterized by pain, numbness, loss of sensation, muscle atrophy, reduced muscle tone, and limb paralysis. These symptoms can significantly diminish a patient\'s quality of life. Following SNI, Wallerian degeneration occurs, which activates various signaling pathways, inflammatory factors, and epigenetic regulators. Despite the availability of several surgical and nonsurgical treatments, their effectiveness remains suboptimal. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, originating from the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication and have emerged as highly promising vehicles for drug delivery. Increasing evidence supports the significant potential of exosomes in repairing SNI. This review delves into the pathological progression of SNI, techniques for generating exosomes, the molecular mechanisms behind SNI recovery with exosomes, the effectiveness of combining exosomes with other approaches for SNI repair, and the changes and future outlook for utilizing exosomes in SNI recovery.
摘要：
坐骨神经损伤（SNI）是一种常见的周围神经损伤类型，通常由创伤引起，比如挫伤,锐器伤,药物注射,骨盆骨折,或髋关节脱位。它会导致感觉和运动障碍，以疼痛为特征，麻木,失去感觉，肌肉萎缩,肌肉张力降低，和四肢瘫痪。这些症状可以显著降低患者的生活质量。在SNI之后,发生Wallerian变性,激活各种信号通路，炎症因子，和表观遗传调节因子。尽管有几种手术和非手术治疗方法，它们的有效性仍然次优。外泌体是细胞外囊泡，直径范围为30至150nm，起源于内质网。它们在促进细胞间通讯中起着至关重要的作用，并已成为非常有前途的药物输送载体。越来越多的证据支持外泌体在修复SNI方面的巨大潜力。这篇综述深入研究了SNI的病理进展，产生外来体的技术，外来体SNI恢复背后的分子机制，将外泌体与其他SNI修复方法相结合的有效性，以及在SNI恢复中利用外泌体的变化和未来前景。
