Abstract：
The rising of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), constituting 5 % of NOx emissions in Beijing, poses a significant challenge to improving air quality. This study establishes a comprehensive historical inventory of air pollutants (APs) emitted from MSWI plants between 2004 and 2023. The inventory was developed using both the continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS)-based method and the EF (emission factors) -based method, incorporating detailed plant-level activity data and localized EF derived from field measurements. These include data from CEMS and manual monitoring. Analysis of CEMS data reveals high compliance rates with emission limits for MSW in Beijing, with 99.9 %, 99.5 %, 99.8 %, 98.7 %, and 99.5 % of units meeting standards for PM, SO2, NOx, CO and HCl, respectively. This suggests effective implementation of emission standards in Beijing, although further strengthening of policies, particularly for CO emissions, is warranted. Overall, total AP emissions have increased annually largely attributed to measures implemented for DeSOx, DeNOx, and DePM since 1998. Most MSWI facilities are located in suburban areas rather than urban cores. Emissions of SO2, HCl, CO, Hg, Cd + Ti, other metals, dioxins, VOCs, and NH3 exhibit a spatially homogeneous distribution at the district level, while PM and NOx emissions demonstrate heterogeneity. Scenario analysis underscores the importance of continuous improvement and upgrading of advanced air pollution control devices. This study contributes a methodological framework for estimating emissions, reducing uncertainties, and informing policy-making to mitigate APs emissions in megacities. It serves as a valuable reference for similar cities grappling with air quality challenges.
摘要：
城市生活垃圾焚烧(MSWI)的兴起，占北京氮氧化物排放量的5%，对改善空气质量构成重大挑战。这项研究建立了2004年至2023年之间MSWI工厂排放的空气污染物（AP）的全面历史清单。清单是使用基于连续排放监测系统（CEMS）的方法和基于EF的方法开发的，结合详细的工厂级活动数据和从现场测量得出的局部排放因子（EF）。这些包括来自CEMS和手动监测的数据。对CEMS数据的分析显示，北京城市生活垃圾排放限值的遵守率很高，99.9%,99.5%,99.8%,98.7%,99.5%的机组符合PM标准，SO2、NOx、CO和HCl,分别。这表明北京市有效实施排放标准，尽管政策进一步加强，特别是CO排放，是有保证的。总的来说,总AP排放量每年都在增加，这主要归因于针对DeSOx实施的措施，DeNOx,自1998年以来的DePM。大多数MSWI设施位于郊区，而不是城市核心。SO2、HCl、CO,Hg,Cd+Ti,其他金属,二恶英,VOCs,NH3在地区层面表现出空间均匀的分布，而PM和NOx排放表现出异质性。情景分析强调了不断改进和升级先进空气污染控制装置的重要性。这项研究为估算排放量提供了一个方法论框架，减少不确定性，并告知政策制定，以减轻特大城市的AP排放。它为类似城市应对空气质量挑战提供了宝贵的参考。
