PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The global biodiversity that underpins wild food systems-including fisheries-is rapidly declining. Yet, we often have only a limited understanding of how households use and benefit from biodiversity in the ecosystems surrounding them. Explicating these relationships is critical to forestall and mitigate the effects of biodiversity declines on food and nutrition security. Here, we quantify how biodiversity filters from ecosystems to household harvest, consumption, and sale, and how ecological traits and household characteristics shape these relationships. We used a unique, integrated ecological (40 sites, quarterly data collection) and household survey (n = 414, every 2 mo data collection) dataset collected over 3 y in rice field fisheries surrounding Cambodia\'s Tonlé Sap, one of Earth\'s most productive and diverse freshwater systems. While ecosystem biodiversity was positively associated with household catch, consumption, and sold biodiversity, households consumed an average of 43% of the species present in the ecosystem and sold only 9%. Larger, less nutritious, and more common species were disproportionally represented in portfolios of commercially traded species, while consumed species mirrored catches. The relationship between ecosystem and consumed biodiversity was remarkably consistent across variation in household fishing effort, demographics, and distance to nearest markets. Poorer households also consumed more species, underscoring how wild food systems may most benefit the vulnerable. Our findings amplify concerns about the impacts of biodiversity loss on our global food systems and highlight that utilization of biodiversity for consumption may far exceed what is commercially traded.
摘要：
作为野生食物系统（包括渔业）基础的全球生物多样性正在迅速减少。然而，我们通常对家庭如何利用周围生态系统的生物多样性并从中受益只有有限的了解。阐明这些关系对于预防和减轻生物多样性下降对粮食和营养安全的影响至关重要。这里,我们量化生物多样性如何从生态系统过滤到家庭收获，消费,和销售，以及生态特征和家庭特征如何塑造这些关系。我们用了一个独特的,综合生态(40个地点，季度数据收集)和家庭调查(n=414，每2个月数据收集一次)数据集，在柬埔寨TonléSap周围的稻田渔业中收集了超过3年的数据集，地球上最具生产力和多样性的淡水系统之一。虽然生态系统生物多样性与家庭捕捞量呈正相关，消费,出售生物多样性，家庭平均消耗生态系统中存在的物种的43％，只出售9％。较大,营养不足，更常见的物种在商业交易物种的投资组合中不成比例地代表，而消耗的物种反映了渔获量。生态系统与消耗的生物多样性之间的关系在家庭捕捞努力量的变化中非常一致，人口统计，距离最近的市场。贫穷的家庭也消耗更多的物种，强调野生食物系统如何最有利于弱势群体。我们的发现加剧了人们对生物多样性丧失对全球粮食系统影响的担忧，并强调了生物多样性的消费利用可能远远超过商业交易。
