Abstract：
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common diagnosis in children who present with symptoms of otalgia, fever, or irritability and is confirmed by a bulging tympanic membrane or otorrhea on physical examination. It often is preceded by a viral infection, but the bacterial pathogens isolated most commonly are Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Watchful waiting may be appropriate in children 6 months or older with uncomplicated unilateral AOM. When antibiotics are indicated, amoxicillin is the first-line treatment in those without recent treatment with or allergy to this drug. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is fluid in the middle ear without symptoms of AOM and typically resolves within 3 months. Tympanostomy tube placement is the most common ambulatory surgery for children in the United States. It is used to ventilate the middle ear space and may be performed to treat recurrent AOM, persistent AOM, or chronic OME. Acute otitis externa is inflammation of the external ear canal, often due to infection. On examination, the ear canal is red and inflamed, with patients typically experiencing discomfort with manipulation of the affected ear. It is treated with a topical antibiotic with or without topical corticosteroid.
摘要：
急性中耳炎（AOM）是存在耳痛症状的儿童的常见诊断，发烧,或烦躁，并通过体格检查鼓膜鼓胀或耳漏证实。它之前通常是病毒感染，但最常见的细菌病原体是肺炎链球菌，流感嗜血杆菌,和卡他莫拉菌.对于6个月或更大的患有不复杂的单侧AOM的儿童，谨慎的等待可能是合适的。当使用抗生素时，阿莫西林是一线治疗的那些最近没有治疗或过敏这种药物。渗出性中耳炎（OME）是中耳中的液体，没有AOM的症状，通常在3个月内消退。鼓膜造口管放置是美国儿童最常见的非卧床手术。它用于对中耳间隙进行通气，并可用于治疗复发性AOM，持久性AOM，或慢性OME。急性外耳道炎是外耳道的炎症，往往是由于感染。在检查中，耳道发红发炎,患者通常在操作受影响的耳朵时感到不适。用局部抗生素治疗，有或没有局部皮质类固醇。
