Abstract：
MicroRNAs are small RNAs that enable parts of the genome to regulate the other parts of the genome by RNA::RNA complementarity. Genes that encode microRNAs function as trans-acting regulators of hundreds of other genes, primarily by inhibiting the production of protein from mRNAs to which the microRNAs can bind by base pairing. MicroRNAs and their Argonaute partner proteins constitute a regulatory complex (the miRISC) that exhibits astonishing regulatory versatility. microRNAs have been shown to perform diverse roles in genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) - to control developmental switches, to dampen gene expression noise, to coordinate multigene functional modules, and more broadly, to confer robustness and resilience to developmental and homeostatic processes. Genetic analysis reveals that the function of particular microRNAs can be conditional, such that the microRNA is required under particular environmental or physiological conditions, but relatively dispensable under other conditions. The diversity and versatility of microRNA function in animal systems reflects the many ways that miRISC can be regulated by cellular signaling pathways, and the structure-function interplay among microRNA, target, and Argonaute.
摘要：
MicroRNA是使基因组的部分能够通过RNA::RNA互补性调节基因组的其他部分的小RNA。编码microRNAs的基因作为数百种其他基因的反式调节因子，主要通过抑制microRNAs可以通过碱基配对结合的mRNAs产生蛋白质。MicroRNAs及其Argonaute伴侣蛋白构成了一种调节复合物（miRISC），表现出惊人的调节多功能性。microRNA已被证明在遗传调控网络（GRN）中发挥不同的作用-控制发育开关，抑制基因表达噪声，协调多基因功能模块，更广泛地说，赋予发育和稳态过程的稳健性和韧性。遗传分析表明，特定microRNAs的功能可能是有条件的，这样microRNA在特定的环境或生理条件下是必需的，但在其他条件下相对可有可无。动物系统中microRNA功能的多样性和多功能性反映了miRISC可以通过细胞信号通路调节的多种方式，以及microRNA之间的结构-功能相互作用，目标,还有Argonaute.
