Abstract：
Nanozymes, with their versatile composition and structural adaptability, present distinct advantages over natural enzymes including heightened stability, customizable catalytic activity, cost-effectiveness, and simplified synthesis process, making them as promising alternatives in various applications. Recent advancements in nanozyme research have shifted focus from serendipitous discovery toward a more systematic approach, leveraging machine learning, theoretical calculations, and mechanistic explorations to engineer nanomaterial structures with tailored catalytic functions. Despite its pivotal role, electron transfer, a fundamental process in catalysis, has often been overlooked in previous reviews. This review comprehensively summarizes recent strategies for modulating electron transfer processes to fine-tune the catalytic activity and specificity of nanozymes, including electron-hole separation and carrier transfer. Furthermore, the bioapplications of these engineered nanozymes, including antimicrobial treatments, cancer therapy, and biosensing are also introduced. Ultimately, this review aims to offer invaluable insights for the design and synthesis of nanozymes with enhanced performance, thereby advancing the field of nanozyme research.
摘要：
纳米酶，凭借其多功能的组成和结构适应性，与天然酶相比，具有明显的优势，包括增强的稳定性，可定制的催化活性，成本效益，和简化的合成工艺，使它们在各种应用中成为有希望的替代品。纳米酶研究的最新进展已将重点从偶然发现转移到更系统的方法，利用机器学习，理论计算，和机械探索，以设计具有定制催化功能的纳米材料结构。尽管发挥了关键作用,电子转移,催化的一个基本过程，在以前的评论中经常被忽视。这篇综述全面总结了调节电子转移过程以微调纳米酶的催化活性和特异性的最新策略，包括电子空穴分离和载流子转移。此外，这些工程纳米酶的生物应用，包括抗菌治疗，癌症治疗,还介绍了生物传感。最终,这篇综述旨在为具有增强性能的纳米酶的设计和合成提供宝贵的见解，从而推进了纳米酶研究领域。
