Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the use of cross-assembled phage (crAssphage) as an endogenous control employing a multivariate normalization analysis and its application as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) data normalizer.
RESULTS: A total of 188 twelve-hour composite raw sewage samples were obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) during a 1-year monitoring period. Employing the N1 and N2 target regions, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 94% (177) and 90% (170) of the samples, respectively, with a global median of 5 log10 genomic copies per liter (GC l-1). CrAssphage was detected in 100% of the samples, ranging from 8.29 to 10.43 log10 GC l-1, with a median of 9.46 ± 0.40 log10 GC l-1, presenting both spatial and temporal variabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: Although SARS-CoV-2 data normalization employing crAssphage revealed a correlation with clinical cases occurring during the study period, crAssphage normalization by the flow per capita per day of each WWTP increased this correlation, corroborating the importance of normalizing wastewater surveillance data in disease trend monitoring.
RESULTS: A total of 188 twelve-hour composite raw sewage samples were obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) during a 1-year monitoring period. Employing the N1 and N2 target regions, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 94% (177) and 90% (170) of the samples, respectively, with a global median of 5 log10 genomic copies per liter (GC l-1). CrAssphage was detected in 100% of the samples, ranging from 8.29 to 10.43 log10 GC l-1, with a median of 9.46 ± 0.40 log10 GC l-1, presenting both spatial and temporal variabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: Although SARS-CoV-2 data normalization employing crAssphage revealed a correlation with clinical cases occurring during the study period, crAssphage normalization by the flow per capita per day of each WWTP increased this correlation, corroborating the importance of normalizing wastewater surveillance data in disease trend monitoring.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估使用交叉组装噬菌体（crAssphage）作为内源性对照，采用多变量归一化分析及其作为SARS-CoV-2数据归一化剂的应用。
结果：在1年的监测期内，从八个污水处理厂（WWTP）获得了总共188个12小时复合原污水样品。采用N1和N2目标区域，在94%（177）和90%（170）的样本中检测到SARS-CoV-2RNA，分别,全球中位数为每升5log10基因组拷贝（GCl-1）。在100％的样品中检测到CrAssphage，范围为8.29至10.43log10GCl-1，中位数为9.46±0.40log10GCl-1，呈现时空变化。
结论：尽管使用crAssphage的SARS-CoV-2数据标准化显示与研究期间发生的临床病例相关，通过每个污水处理厂每天的人均流量进行的crassphage归一化增加了这种相关性，证实了在疾病趋势监测中标准化废水监测(WWS)数据的重要性。
结果：在1年的监测期内，从八个污水处理厂（WWTP）获得了总共188个12小时复合原污水样品。采用N1和N2目标区域，在94%（177）和90%（170）的样本中检测到SARS-CoV-2RNA，分别,全球中位数为每升5log10基因组拷贝（GCl-1）。在100％的样品中检测到CrAssphage，范围为8.29至10.43log10GCl-1，中位数为9.46±0.40log10GCl-1，呈现时空变化。
结论：尽管使用crAssphage的SARS-CoV-2数据标准化显示与研究期间发生的临床病例相关，通过每个污水处理厂每天的人均流量进行的crassphage归一化增加了这种相关性，证实了在疾病趋势监测中标准化废水监测(WWS)数据的重要性。
