Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Axillary hyperhidrosis (AH) is characterized by excessive underarm sweating. It is a chronic autonomic disorder that can lead to social embarrassment, impaired quality of life (QoL), anxiety and depression. Internalized stigma (IS), defined as the acceptance of negative societal attitudes and stereotypes about an individual\'s illness, has not been previously studied in AH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of IS in patients with AH and the relationships between IS, disease severity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.
METHODS: One hundred and four patients with AH were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) was used to define disease severity. Assessment was made using the Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS) (between 29 and 116, the higher the score the greater the stigma), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34.1 ± 10.9 years. The HDSS grade was mostly moderate to severe. The mean ISS score was 57.5 ± 6.5. Median HADS scores were 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 2-12] and 5 [IQR 2-10], respectively. HADS scores ≥ 8 were observed respectively in 39.4% and 8.7% of patients. The median DLQI score was 14 [IQR 4-24]. A DLQI score ≥ 11 was observed in 75% of patients. Significant correlation was found between ISS score and HDSS (r = 0.445, p < 0.001), HADS-A (r = 0.455, p < 0.001), DLQI (r = 0.478, p < 0.001) scores and symptom duration (r = 0.207, p = 0.035). The relationship between ISS and HADS depression scores was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: IS is common in patients with AH. Disease severity, symptom duration and anxiety increased IS. Patient\'s quality of life is reduced in AH.
METHODS: One hundred and four patients with AH were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) was used to define disease severity. Assessment was made using the Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS) (between 29 and 116, the higher the score the greater the stigma), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34.1 ± 10.9 years. The HDSS grade was mostly moderate to severe. The mean ISS score was 57.5 ± 6.5. Median HADS scores were 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 2-12] and 5 [IQR 2-10], respectively. HADS scores ≥ 8 were observed respectively in 39.4% and 8.7% of patients. The median DLQI score was 14 [IQR 4-24]. A DLQI score ≥ 11 was observed in 75% of patients. Significant correlation was found between ISS score and HDSS (r = 0.445, p < 0.001), HADS-A (r = 0.455, p < 0.001), DLQI (r = 0.478, p < 0.001) scores and symptom duration (r = 0.207, p = 0.035). The relationship between ISS and HADS depression scores was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: IS is common in patients with AH. Disease severity, symptom duration and anxiety increased IS. Patient\'s quality of life is reduced in AH.
摘要：
背景：腋窝多汗症（AH）的特征是腋下出汗过多。这是一种慢性自主神经紊乱，会导致社会尴尬，生活质量受损(QoL)，焦虑和抑郁。内化污名(IS)，定义为接受对个人疾病的负面社会态度和刻板印象，以前在AH没有研究过。这项研究的目的是评估AH患者的IS水平以及IS之间的关系。疾病严重程度,生活质量,焦虑,和抑郁症。
方法：本研究纳入了104例AH患者。记录患者的人口统计学和临床特征。多汗症疾病严重程度量表（HDSS）用于定义疾病严重程度。使用内化污名量表（ISS）进行评估（在29和116之间，得分越高，污名越大），医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和皮肤科生活质量指数（DLQI）。
结果：患者的平均年龄为34.1±10.9岁。HDSS等级大多为中度至重度。平均ISS评分为57.5±6.5。HADS得分中位数为7[四分位数间距（IQR）2-12]和5[IQR2-10]，分别。HADS评分≥8分的患者分别为39.4%和8.7%。中位DLQI评分为14[IQR4-24]。在75%的患者中观察到DLQI评分≥11。ISS评分与HDSS评分显著相关(r=0.445,p<0.001),HADS-A（r=0.455，p<0.001），DLQI(r=0.478,p<0.001)评分和症状持续时间(r=0.207,p=0.035)。ISS与HADS抑郁评分的关系无统计学意义。
结论：IS在AH患者中很常见。疾病严重程度,症状持续时间和焦虑增加IS。AH患者的生活质量降低。
方法：本研究纳入了104例AH患者。记录患者的人口统计学和临床特征。多汗症疾病严重程度量表（HDSS）用于定义疾病严重程度。使用内化污名量表（ISS）进行评估（在29和116之间，得分越高，污名越大），医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和皮肤科生活质量指数（DLQI）。
结果：患者的平均年龄为34.1±10.9岁。HDSS等级大多为中度至重度。平均ISS评分为57.5±6.5。HADS得分中位数为7[四分位数间距（IQR）2-12]和5[IQR2-10]，分别。HADS评分≥8分的患者分别为39.4%和8.7%。中位DLQI评分为14[IQR4-24]。在75%的患者中观察到DLQI评分≥11。ISS评分与HDSS评分显著相关(r=0.445,p<0.001),HADS-A（r=0.455，p<0.001），DLQI(r=0.478,p<0.001)评分和症状持续时间(r=0.207,p=0.035)。ISS与HADS抑郁评分的关系无统计学意义。
结论：IS在AH患者中很常见。疾病严重程度,症状持续时间和焦虑增加IS。AH患者的生活质量降低。
