PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Each year, due to climate change, an increasing number of new pathogens are being discovered and studied, leading to an increase in the number of known diseases affecting various fish species in different regions of the world. Viruses from the family Iridoviridae, which consist of the genera Megalocytivirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Ranavirus, cause epizootic outbreaks in farmed and wild, marine, and freshwater fish species (including ornamental fish). Diseases caused by fish viruses of the family Iridoviridae have a significant economic impact, especially in the aquaculture sector. Consequently, vaccines have been developed in recent decades, and their administration methods have improved. To date, various types of vaccines are available to control and prevent Iridoviridae infections in fish populations. Notably, two vaccines, specifically targeting Red Sea bream iridoviral disease and iridoviruses (formalin-killed vaccine and AQUAVAC® IridoV, respectively), are commercially available. In addition to exploring these themes, this review examines the immune responses in fish following viral infections or vaccination procedures. In general, the evasion mechanisms observed in iridovirus infections are characterised by a systemic absence of inflammatory responses and a reduction in the expression of genes associated with the adaptive immune response. Finally, this review also explores prophylactic procedure trends in fish vaccination strategies, focusing on future advances in the field.
摘要：
每一年,由于气候变化,越来越多的新病原体被发现和研究，导致影响世界不同地区各种鱼类的已知疾病数量增加。病毒科的病毒，由巨细胞病毒属组成，淋巴细胞病毒,和Ranavirus,引起养殖和野生的流行病爆发，海洋，和淡水鱼种(包括观赏鱼)。轮状病毒科的鱼类病毒引起的疾病具有重大的经济影响，特别是在水产养殖领域。因此,近几十年来，疫苗已经被开发出来，他们的管理方法有所改善。迄今为止,有各种类型的疫苗可用于控制和预防鱼群中的轮虫病毒科感染。值得注意的是,两种疫苗，专门针对红鲈鱼虹彩病毒病和虹彩病毒（福尔马林灭活疫苗和AQUAVAC®IridoV，分别)，是商业可用的。除了探索这些主题，这篇综述研究了病毒感染或疫苗接种程序后鱼类的免疫反应。总的来说,在虹彩病毒感染中观察到的逃避机制的特征是全身性缺乏炎症反应和与适应性免疫反应相关的基因表达减少。最后,这篇综述还探讨了鱼类疫苗接种策略的预防程序趋势，专注于该领域的未来进展。
