Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of this study is to report on the development and initial psychometric testing of a questionnaire to investigate nurses\' discrimination attitudes and beliefs towards people of dif f erent ethnic origins.
METHODS: Materials and Methods: The initial stage involved the selection of the questions of the tool after a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant international literature and the tools used in previous related studies. The reliability (forward-backward translation) of the questions was assessed, along with the content, face, and structure. To conduct the study, which was carried out from 07/2021 to 01/2022 a sample consisting of 30 and 2,034 nurses and their assistants was used for the pilot and the fi nal research, respectively.
RESULTS: Results: Given that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) threshold value of 0.89 was achieved, the sample was considered sufficient and appropriate for factor analysis. A statistically signif i cant result (p<0.001) from Bartlett\'s test indicated a substantial connection between the questions and conf i rmed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Twenty statements altogether, with seven possible answers ranging from \"totally disagree\" to \"completely agree,\" were included in the questionnaire. For the questions, three distinct factors - communication, difficulties, and discrimination - were shown to account for 47.1% of the variability. Reliability analyzes showed satisfactory Cronbach alpha coefficient scores for all factors, ranging from 0.78 to 0.82.
CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that the questionnaire we developed is a legitimate and trustworthy instrument for evaluating professional nurses\' discriminatory attitudes and beliefs toward individuals from various ethnic backgrounds. The questionnaire can be used to help design interventions to end discrimination, guarantee equitable access to healthcare services, and provide high-quality care for individuals from diverse backgrounds. It can also be used to identify the factors that inf l uence nurses\' attitudes and perceptions toward these patient populations.
METHODS: Materials and Methods: The initial stage involved the selection of the questions of the tool after a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant international literature and the tools used in previous related studies. The reliability (forward-backward translation) of the questions was assessed, along with the content, face, and structure. To conduct the study, which was carried out from 07/2021 to 01/2022 a sample consisting of 30 and 2,034 nurses and their assistants was used for the pilot and the fi nal research, respectively.
RESULTS: Results: Given that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) threshold value of 0.89 was achieved, the sample was considered sufficient and appropriate for factor analysis. A statistically signif i cant result (p<0.001) from Bartlett\'s test indicated a substantial connection between the questions and conf i rmed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Twenty statements altogether, with seven possible answers ranging from \"totally disagree\" to \"completely agree,\" were included in the questionnaire. For the questions, three distinct factors - communication, difficulties, and discrimination - were shown to account for 47.1% of the variability. Reliability analyzes showed satisfactory Cronbach alpha coefficient scores for all factors, ranging from 0.78 to 0.82.
CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that the questionnaire we developed is a legitimate and trustworthy instrument for evaluating professional nurses\' discriminatory attitudes and beliefs toward individuals from various ethnic backgrounds. The questionnaire can be used to help design interventions to end discrimination, guarantee equitable access to healthcare services, and provide high-quality care for individuals from diverse backgrounds. It can also be used to identify the factors that inf l uence nurses\' attitudes and perceptions toward these patient populations.
摘要：
目的：目的：本研究的目的是报告问卷的开发和初步心理测试，以调查护士对不同种族血统的人的歧视态度和信念。
方法：材料和方法：初始阶段涉及在对相关国际文献和先前相关研究中使用的工具进行综合评估后，选择工具的问题。评估了问题的可靠性（前后翻译），随着内容，脸,和结构。为了进行研究，这项研究于2021年7月7日至2022年1月1日进行，由30名和2,034名护士及其助手组成的样本被用于试点和最终研究，分别。
结果：结果：鉴于Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）阈值为0.89，该样本被认为是足够的,适合进行因子分析.Bartlett检验的统计学结果（p<0.001）表明问题之间存在实质性联系，并表明数据适合进行因子分析。总共二十个陈述，有七个可能的答案，从“完全不同意”到“完全同意”，“被包括在问卷中。对于问题，三个不同的因素-沟通，困难,和歧视-显示占变异性的47.1％。可靠性分析表明，所有因素的Cronbachα系数得分都令人满意，范围从0.78到0.82。
结论：结论：目前的研究表明，我们开发的问卷是评估专业护士对来自不同种族背景的个人的歧视态度和信念的合法和值得信赖的工具。问卷可用于帮助设计干预措施以消除歧视，保证公平获得医疗保健服务，并为来自不同背景的个人提供高质量的护理。它也可以用来确定影响护士对这些患者人群的态度和看法的因素。
方法：材料和方法：初始阶段涉及在对相关国际文献和先前相关研究中使用的工具进行综合评估后，选择工具的问题。评估了问题的可靠性（前后翻译），随着内容，脸,和结构。为了进行研究，这项研究于2021年7月7日至2022年1月1日进行，由30名和2,034名护士及其助手组成的样本被用于试点和最终研究，分别。
结果：结果：鉴于Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）阈值为0.89，该样本被认为是足够的,适合进行因子分析.Bartlett检验的统计学结果（p<0.001）表明问题之间存在实质性联系，并表明数据适合进行因子分析。总共二十个陈述，有七个可能的答案，从“完全不同意”到“完全同意”，“被包括在问卷中。对于问题，三个不同的因素-沟通，困难,和歧视-显示占变异性的47.1％。可靠性分析表明，所有因素的Cronbachα系数得分都令人满意，范围从0.78到0.82。
结论：结论：目前的研究表明，我们开发的问卷是评估专业护士对来自不同种族背景的个人的歧视态度和信念的合法和值得信赖的工具。问卷可用于帮助设计干预措施以消除歧视，保证公平获得医疗保健服务，并为来自不同背景的个人提供高质量的护理。它也可以用来确定影响护士对这些患者人群的态度和看法的因素。
