PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Driven by habitat loss and fragmentation, large carnivores are increasingly navigating human-dominated landscapes, where their activity is restricted and their behaviour altered. This movement, however, raises significant concerns and costs for people living nearby. While intricately linked, studies often isolate human and carnivore impacts, hindering effective management efforts. Hence, in this study, we brought these two into a common framework, focusing on an interface area between the critical tiger habitat and the human-dominated multiple-use buffer area of a central Indian protected area.
UNASSIGNED: We employed a fine-scale camera trap survey complemented by GPS-collar movement data to understand spatio-temporal activity patterns and adjustments of tigers in response to anthropogenic pressures. We used an occupancy framework to evaluate space use, Bayesian circular GLMs to model temporal activity, and home range and step length analyses to assess the movement patterns of tigers. Further, we used predation-risk models to understand conflict patterns as a function of tiger presence and other habitat variables.
UNASSIGNED: Despite disturbance, a high proportion of the sampled area was occupied by 17 unique tigers (ψ = 0.76; CI [0.73-0.92]). The distance to villages (β ± SE = 0.63 ± 0.21) and the relative abundance of large-bodied wild prey (β ± SE = 0.72 ± 0.37) emerged as key predictors of tiger space use probability, indicating a preference for wild prey by tigers, while human influences constrained their habitat utilisation. Distance to villages was also identified as the most significant predictor of the tigers\' temporal activity (μ ± σ = 3.03 ± 0.06 rad) that exhibited higher nocturnality near villages. A total of 11% of tiger home ranges were within village boundaries, accompanied by faster movement in these areas (displacement 40-82% higher). Livestock depredation probability by tigers increased with proximity to villages (P = 0.002) and highway (P = 0.003). Although tiger space use probability (P = 0.056) and wild prey abundance (P = 0.134) were non-significant at the 0.05 threshold, their presence in the best-fit predation-risk model suggests their contextual relevance for understanding conflict risk. The results highlight the importance of appropriately managing livestock near human infrastructures to effectively mitigate conflict.
UNASSIGNED: Shared space of carnivores and humans requires dynamic site-specific actions grounded in evidence-based decision-making. This study emphasises the importance of concurrently addressing the intricate interactions between humans and large carnivores, particularly the latter\'s behavioural adaptations and role in conflict dynamics. Such an integrated approach is essential to unravel cause-effect relationships and promote effective interface management in human-dominated landscapes.
UNASSIGNED: We employed a fine-scale camera trap survey complemented by GPS-collar movement data to understand spatio-temporal activity patterns and adjustments of tigers in response to anthropogenic pressures. We used an occupancy framework to evaluate space use, Bayesian circular GLMs to model temporal activity, and home range and step length analyses to assess the movement patterns of tigers. Further, we used predation-risk models to understand conflict patterns as a function of tiger presence and other habitat variables.
UNASSIGNED: Despite disturbance, a high proportion of the sampled area was occupied by 17 unique tigers (ψ = 0.76; CI [0.73-0.92]). The distance to villages (β ± SE = 0.63 ± 0.21) and the relative abundance of large-bodied wild prey (β ± SE = 0.72 ± 0.37) emerged as key predictors of tiger space use probability, indicating a preference for wild prey by tigers, while human influences constrained their habitat utilisation. Distance to villages was also identified as the most significant predictor of the tigers\' temporal activity (μ ± σ = 3.03 ± 0.06 rad) that exhibited higher nocturnality near villages. A total of 11% of tiger home ranges were within village boundaries, accompanied by faster movement in these areas (displacement 40-82% higher). Livestock depredation probability by tigers increased with proximity to villages (P = 0.002) and highway (P = 0.003). Although tiger space use probability (P = 0.056) and wild prey abundance (P = 0.134) were non-significant at the 0.05 threshold, their presence in the best-fit predation-risk model suggests their contextual relevance for understanding conflict risk. The results highlight the importance of appropriately managing livestock near human infrastructures to effectively mitigate conflict.
UNASSIGNED: Shared space of carnivores and humans requires dynamic site-specific actions grounded in evidence-based decision-making. This study emphasises the importance of concurrently addressing the intricate interactions between humans and large carnivores, particularly the latter\'s behavioural adaptations and role in conflict dynamics. Such an integrated approach is essential to unravel cause-effect relationships and promote effective interface management in human-dominated landscapes.
摘要：
■受栖息地丧失和碎片化的驱动，大型食肉动物越来越多地在人类主导的景观中航行，他们的活动受到限制，行为改变。这个运动,然而,对居住在附近的人们提出了重大的担忧和成本。虽然错综复杂，研究经常隔离人类和食肉动物的影响，阻碍有效的管理努力。因此，在这项研究中，我们把这两个纳入一个共同的框架，重点关注印度中部保护区的关键老虎栖息地与人类主导的多用途缓冲区之间的界面区域。
■我们采用了精细比例的相机陷阱调查，并辅以GPS项圈运动数据，以了解时空活动模式和老虎响应人为压力的调整。我们使用了占用框架来评估空间使用情况，贝叶斯循环GLM对时间活动进行建模，以及家庭范围和步长分析，以评估老虎的运动模式。Further,我们使用捕食-风险模型将冲突模式理解为老虎存在和其他栖息地变量的函数.
■尽管受到干扰，大部分采样面积被17只独特的老虎占据（Φ=0.76；CI[0.73-0.92]）。到村庄的距离（β±SE=0.63±0.21）和大型野生猎物的相对丰度（β±SE=0.72±0.37）成为老虎空间使用概率的关键预测因子，表明老虎对野生猎物的偏好，而人类的影响限制了他们的栖息地利用。到村庄的距离也被确定为老虎时间活动的最重要预测因子（μ±σ=3.03±0.06rad），在村庄附近表现出较高的夜空率。总共有11％的老虎家范围在村庄边界内，伴随着这些地区更快的运动（位移增加40-82％）。随着靠近村庄（P=0.002）和高速公路（P=0.003），老虎掠夺牲畜的概率增加。尽管老虎空间使用概率（P=0.056）和野生猎物丰度（P=0.134）在0.05阈值处不显著，它们在最适合的捕食风险模型中的存在表明了它们与理解冲突风险的背景相关性.结果强调了适当管理人类基础设施附近的牲畜以有效缓解冲突的重要性。
■食肉动物和人类的共享空间需要以循证决策为基础的动态特定地点行动。这项研究强调了同时解决人类和大型食肉动物之间复杂相互作用的重要性，特别是后者的行为适应和在冲突动态中的作用。这种综合方法对于解开因果关系并促进以人为主导的景观中的有效界面管理至关重要。
■我们采用了精细比例的相机陷阱调查，并辅以GPS项圈运动数据，以了解时空活动模式和老虎响应人为压力的调整。我们使用了占用框架来评估空间使用情况，贝叶斯循环GLM对时间活动进行建模，以及家庭范围和步长分析，以评估老虎的运动模式。Further,我们使用捕食-风险模型将冲突模式理解为老虎存在和其他栖息地变量的函数.
■尽管受到干扰，大部分采样面积被17只独特的老虎占据（Φ=0.76；CI[0.73-0.92]）。到村庄的距离（β±SE=0.63±0.21）和大型野生猎物的相对丰度（β±SE=0.72±0.37）成为老虎空间使用概率的关键预测因子，表明老虎对野生猎物的偏好，而人类的影响限制了他们的栖息地利用。到村庄的距离也被确定为老虎时间活动的最重要预测因子（μ±σ=3.03±0.06rad），在村庄附近表现出较高的夜空率。总共有11％的老虎家范围在村庄边界内，伴随着这些地区更快的运动（位移增加40-82％）。随着靠近村庄（P=0.002）和高速公路（P=0.003），老虎掠夺牲畜的概率增加。尽管老虎空间使用概率（P=0.056）和野生猎物丰度（P=0.134）在0.05阈值处不显著，它们在最适合的捕食风险模型中的存在表明了它们与理解冲突风险的背景相关性.结果强调了适当管理人类基础设施附近的牲畜以有效缓解冲突的重要性。
■食肉动物和人类的共享空间需要以循证决策为基础的动态特定地点行动。这项研究强调了同时解决人类和大型食肉动物之间复杂相互作用的重要性，特别是后者的行为适应和在冲突动态中的作用。这种综合方法对于解开因果关系并促进以人为主导的景观中的有效界面管理至关重要。
