Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To develop an empirical model that explores and explains the social process of the encounters of men who suffered pregnancy loss with health and social environments.
METHODS: A constructivist grounded theory method was performed, whereby 23 couples were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Men that suffered pregnancy loss were analysed iteratively, with line-by-line and incident-to-incident coding, focused coding and axial coding, until data saturation and the emergence of theory.
RESULTS: The theory Behind bars that hide and mask them illustrates the social process of the encounters of men who suffered pregnancy loss with the health and social environment. Social taboo and gender stereotypes could repress, marginalize, and hide men\'s feelings. This transposed into the healthcare setting, which focused on the physical aspects of the woman, and lacked an emotional approach, follow-up, and sensitivity. Men reported a lack of recognition or family and social support.
CONCLUSIONS: Many men report not feeling involved in the care process after pregnancy loss, in addition to the prioritisation of medicalised care, which can be explained by a medical paternalism approach. These results provide a basis to reflect and plan the inclusion of men for the provision of comprehensive and couple-centred care.
CONCLUSIONS: Communication strategies and emotional management, self-reflection of health professionals, theoretical-practical content with a gender perspective in the training of nurses and midwives, involvement of the organisation and leadership, and further research is required.
METHODS: A constructivist grounded theory method was performed, whereby 23 couples were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Men that suffered pregnancy loss were analysed iteratively, with line-by-line and incident-to-incident coding, focused coding and axial coding, until data saturation and the emergence of theory.
RESULTS: The theory Behind bars that hide and mask them illustrates the social process of the encounters of men who suffered pregnancy loss with the health and social environment. Social taboo and gender stereotypes could repress, marginalize, and hide men\'s feelings. This transposed into the healthcare setting, which focused on the physical aspects of the woman, and lacked an emotional approach, follow-up, and sensitivity. Men reported a lack of recognition or family and social support.
CONCLUSIONS: Many men report not feeling involved in the care process after pregnancy loss, in addition to the prioritisation of medicalised care, which can be explained by a medical paternalism approach. These results provide a basis to reflect and plan the inclusion of men for the provision of comprehensive and couple-centred care.
CONCLUSIONS: Communication strategies and emotional management, self-reflection of health professionals, theoretical-practical content with a gender perspective in the training of nurses and midwives, involvement of the organisation and leadership, and further research is required.
摘要：
目的：建立一个经验模型，探索和解释在健康和社会环境中遭受妊娠损失的男性遭遇的社会过程。
方法：进行了建构主义扎根理论方法，23对夫妇进行了半结构化访谈。对遭受怀孕损失的男性进行了迭代分析，使用逐行和事件到事件编码，聚焦编码和轴向编码，直到数据饱和和理论的出现。
结果：隐藏和掩盖它们的背后理论说明了遭受妊娠损失的男性与健康和社会环境相遇的社会过程。社会禁忌和性别刻板印象可能会压抑，边缘化,隐藏男人的感情。这被转移到医疗保健环境中，专注于女人的身体方面，缺乏情绪化的方法，后续行动,和敏感性。男子报告缺乏认可或家庭和社会支持。
结论：许多男性报告说，在失孕后没有感觉参与护理过程，除了医疗护理的优先次序，这可以用医学家长式的方法来解释。这些结果为反映和计划将男子纳入提供全面和以夫妻为中心的护理提供了基础。
结论：沟通策略和情绪管理，卫生专业人员的自我反省，在护士和助产士培训中具有性别观点的理论-实践内容，组织和领导的参与，需要进一步的研究。
方法：进行了建构主义扎根理论方法，23对夫妇进行了半结构化访谈。对遭受怀孕损失的男性进行了迭代分析，使用逐行和事件到事件编码，聚焦编码和轴向编码，直到数据饱和和理论的出现。
结果：隐藏和掩盖它们的背后理论说明了遭受妊娠损失的男性与健康和社会环境相遇的社会过程。社会禁忌和性别刻板印象可能会压抑，边缘化,隐藏男人的感情。这被转移到医疗保健环境中，专注于女人的身体方面，缺乏情绪化的方法，后续行动,和敏感性。男子报告缺乏认可或家庭和社会支持。
结论：许多男性报告说，在失孕后没有感觉参与护理过程，除了医疗护理的优先次序，这可以用医学家长式的方法来解释。这些结果为反映和计划将男子纳入提供全面和以夫妻为中心的护理提供了基础。
结论：沟通策略和情绪管理，卫生专业人员的自我反省，在护士和助产士培训中具有性别观点的理论-实践内容，组织和领导的参与，需要进一步的研究。
