Abstract：
Currently, all sectors of the national economy are subject to rapid processes of digital transformation, which requires the restructuring of both production processes and the improvement of the personnel selection system. The field of maritime transport is no exception, which has recently been focused on the active development of autonomous maritime shipping. The introduction of autonomous ships into operation radically changes the working conditions of ship crew members, including due to a significant reduction in their number. As a result, in the near future, seafarers will be forced not only to work in difficult conditions caused by maritime specifics, but also to experience the additional impact of a limited ship crew. The lack of necessary skills and training among current ship crew members to work in the new realities, as well as the high risk of impairment of their mental health, shows the objective need to find new approaches to the training and selection of seafarers. In order to develop recommendations for improving the rules for training, recruiting and selecting seafarers to work in conditions of a limited ship crew, the article studied regulations and levels of autonomy of sea surface vessels. A survey was conducted among active sailors, which made it possible to identify key problems on the stated issues, and also studied the types of temperament, personality and accentuation.
摘要：
目前,国民经济的所有部门都经历着快速的数字化转型过程，这需要对生产过程进行重组，并改进人员选拔制度。海运领域也不例外,最近一直专注于自主海运的积极发展。自主船舶的启用从根本上改变了船员的工作条件,包括由于其数量的大幅减少。因此,在不久的将来,海员将不仅被迫在海事细节造成的困难条件下工作，还要体验有限船员的额外影响。当前船员缺乏必要的技能和培训,无法适应新的现实,以及他们心理健康受损的高风险，显示了寻找培训和选择海员的新方法的客观需要。为了制定改进培训规则的建议，招募和选择海员在有限的船员条件下工作，本文研究了海面船只的法规和自治水平。在活跃的水手中进行了一项调查，这使得可以在所述问题上识别关键问题，还研究了气质的类型，个性和强调。
