Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To identify the available evidence on the ultrasonographic characteristics of masticatory muscles in subjects with myogenous TMD, as well as the potential use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic and treatment assessment outcomes tool.
METHODS: An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed using the following terms: \'ultrasonography\', \'ultrasound\', \'masseter\', \'temporal\', \'masticatory muscles\', \'temporomandibular disorders\', \'temporomandibular joint disorders\'. Full-text articles were obtained from the records after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included for analysis: one comparative cross-sectional study, five case-control studies, six clinical trials and one randomised clinical trial. Main ultrasonographic characteristic assessed were local cross-sectional dimension and intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance. Retrieved studies reported the use ultrasonography for diagnosis or treatment assessment purposes showing heterogeneous results. For diagnosis purposes, the results of local cross-sectional dimension are not consistent; therefore, its diagnostic value for myogenous TMD diagnosis is weak. However, more homogeneous results were observed for intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance showing a higher prevalence of type-II pattern in myogenous TMD subjects than non-TMD subjects. On the other hand, for treatment assessment purposes, muscles were observed thinner after treatment compared to pre-treatment. Also, results of intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance show disappearance or reduction of anechoic areas, higher prevalence of type-II pattern and significant distinction of echogenic bands were observed after treating TMD subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography cannot be considered as a diagnostic instrument, but maybe as a complementary tool for treatment assessment of myogenous TMD subjects, even though future research is required to confirm its utility.
METHODS: An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed using the following terms: \'ultrasonography\', \'ultrasound\', \'masseter\', \'temporal\', \'masticatory muscles\', \'temporomandibular disorders\', \'temporomandibular joint disorders\'. Full-text articles were obtained from the records after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included for analysis: one comparative cross-sectional study, five case-control studies, six clinical trials and one randomised clinical trial. Main ultrasonographic characteristic assessed were local cross-sectional dimension and intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance. Retrieved studies reported the use ultrasonography for diagnosis or treatment assessment purposes showing heterogeneous results. For diagnosis purposes, the results of local cross-sectional dimension are not consistent; therefore, its diagnostic value for myogenous TMD diagnosis is weak. However, more homogeneous results were observed for intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance showing a higher prevalence of type-II pattern in myogenous TMD subjects than non-TMD subjects. On the other hand, for treatment assessment purposes, muscles were observed thinner after treatment compared to pre-treatment. Also, results of intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance show disappearance or reduction of anechoic areas, higher prevalence of type-II pattern and significant distinction of echogenic bands were observed after treating TMD subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography cannot be considered as a diagnostic instrument, but maybe as a complementary tool for treatment assessment of myogenous TMD subjects, even though future research is required to confirm its utility.
摘要：
目的：为了确定肌源性TMD患者咀嚼肌的超声特征的现有证据，以及超声作为诊断和治疗结果评估工具的潜在用途。
方法：PubMed的电子搜索，WebofScience和Scopus数据库使用以下术语进行：\'超声检查\'，\'超声\',\'咬肌\',\'temporal\',\'咀嚼肌\',\'颞下颌关节紊乱病\',“颞下颌关节紊乱病”。在应用纳入/排除标准后，从记录中获得全文文章。
结果：包括13篇文章进行分析：一项比较横断面研究，五项病例对照研究，6项临床试验和1项随机临床试验。评估的主要超声特征是局部横截面尺寸和肌内超声表现。检索到的研究报告了将超声检查用于诊断或治疗评估目的，显示出不同的结果。为了诊断目的，局部横截面尺寸的结果不一致；因此，其对肌源性TMD诊断的诊断价值较弱。然而,肌内超声检查结果更为一致,显示肌源性TMD受试者中II型模式的患病率高于非TMD受试者.另一方面,为了治疗评估的目的，与治疗前相比，治疗后观察到肌肉变薄。此外，结果肌内超声表现显示消失或消声区减少，在治疗TMD受试者后观察到更高的II型模式患病率和回声带的显著区别.
结论：超声检查不能作为诊断工具，但也许作为治疗评估肌源性TMD受试者的补充工具，即使需要未来的研究来确认它的效用。
方法：PubMed的电子搜索，WebofScience和Scopus数据库使用以下术语进行：\'超声检查\'，\'超声\',\'咬肌\',\'temporal\',\'咀嚼肌\',\'颞下颌关节紊乱病\',“颞下颌关节紊乱病”。在应用纳入/排除标准后，从记录中获得全文文章。
结果：包括13篇文章进行分析：一项比较横断面研究，五项病例对照研究，6项临床试验和1项随机临床试验。评估的主要超声特征是局部横截面尺寸和肌内超声表现。检索到的研究报告了将超声检查用于诊断或治疗评估目的，显示出不同的结果。为了诊断目的，局部横截面尺寸的结果不一致；因此，其对肌源性TMD诊断的诊断价值较弱。然而,肌内超声检查结果更为一致,显示肌源性TMD受试者中II型模式的患病率高于非TMD受试者.另一方面,为了治疗评估的目的，与治疗前相比，治疗后观察到肌肉变薄。此外，结果肌内超声表现显示消失或消声区减少，在治疗TMD受试者后观察到更高的II型模式患病率和回声带的显著区别.
结论：超声检查不能作为诊断工具，但也许作为治疗评估肌源性TMD受试者的补充工具，即使需要未来的研究来确认它的效用。
