Abstract：
In modern conditions of maritime navigation, protection of lives of crew members plays key role for their health and quality of life. The practice testifies that shipowners underestimate real statistics of occupational injuries, since procedure for its management and investigation of accidents on ships are not sufficiently regulated in international and national legislation. Besides, approaches of shipowners to implementation of existing standards also have different levels of responsibility that leaves measures preventing such incidents unreasonably underestimated. This situation results in increasing of occupational injuries on ships and allows shipowners or insurance companies to avoid proper payments to injured sailor or his family members in case of one\'s death. The complexity of implementation of \"belated\" medical expertise to determine cause of death or injury of crew member also makes it difficult to obtain positive result of recognition of disability or death of sailor as result of occupational traumatism. All the described above testifies importance and actuality of stated research topic. The article examines in detail normative acts regulating protection of labor and life and medical care of sailors. Also are considered causes, factors and types of occupational traumatism on ships. The accident statistics and procedure of their investigation are analyzed in relation to maritime practice. The issues of medical expertise are studied and main problematic issues are identified. The recommendations for their solution are formulated.
摘要：
在现代海上航行条件下，保护船员的生命对他们的健康和生活质量起着关键作用。实践证明，船东低估了职业伤害的真实统计数据，因为国际和国家立法对其管理和调查船舶事故的程序没有足够的规定。此外,船东执行现有标准的方法也有不同程度的责任，这使得防止此类事件的措施被不合理地低估了。这种情况导致船舶上的职业伤害增加，并允许船东或保险公司避免在一个人死亡的情况下向受伤的水手或其家人支付适当的款项。确定船员死亡或受伤原因的“迟来的”医学专家的复杂性也使得很难获得对由于职业创伤导致的水手残疾或死亡的认可的积极结果。以上所有描述证明了所述研究课题的重要性和现实性。本文详细研究了规范保护水手的劳动和生命以及医疗保健的规范性法案。也被认为是原因，船舶职业创伤的因素和类型。结合海事实践，分析了事故统计和调查程序。研究了医学专业知识的问题，并确定了主要的问题。提出了解决方案的建议。
