PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Dental calculus severely affects the oral health of humans and animal pets. Calculus deposition affects the gingival appearance and causes inflammation. Failure to remove dental calculus from the dentition results in oral diseases such as periodontitis. Apart from adversely affecting oral health, some systemic diseases are closely related to dental calculus deposition. Hence, identifying the mechanisms of dental calculus formation helps protect oral and systemic health. A plethora of biological and physicochemical factors contribute to the physiological equilibrium in the oral cavity. Bacteria are an important part of the equation. Calculus formation commences when the bacterial equilibrium is broken. Bacteria accumulate locally and form biofilms on the tooth surface. The bacteria promote increases in local calcium and phosphorus concentrations, which triggers biomineralization and the development of dental calculus. Current treatments only help to relieve the symptoms caused by calculus deposition. These symptoms are prone to relapse if calculus removal is not under control. There is a need for a treatment regime that combines short-term and long-term goals in addressing calculus formation. The present review introduces the mechanisms of dental calculus formation, influencing factors, and the relationship between dental calculus and several systemic diseases. This is followed by the presentation of a conceptual solution for improving existing treatment strategies and minimizing recurrence.
摘要：
牙结石严重影响人类和动物宠物的口腔健康。结石沉积影响牙龈外观并引起炎症。未能从牙列中去除牙结石会导致口腔疾病，例如牙周炎。除了对口腔健康产生不利影响外，一些系统性疾病与牙结石沉积密切相关。因此，确定牙结石形成的机制有助于保护口腔和全身健康。过多的生物和物理化学因素有助于口腔中的生理平衡。细菌是方程的重要组成部分。当细菌平衡被打破时,微积分形成开始。细菌在牙齿表面局部积聚并形成生物膜。细菌促进局部钙和磷浓度的增加，这引发了生物矿化和牙结石的发展。目前的治疗仅有助于缓解由结石沉积引起的症状。如果结石清除不受控制，这些症状容易复发。需要一种在解决微积分形成时结合短期和长期目标的治疗方案。本综述介绍了牙结石形成的机制，影响因素，以及牙结石与几种全身性疾病的关系。随后介绍了用于改善现有治疗策略和最大程度地减少复发的概念解决方案。
