Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Pharmacist roles in the Medication Use Process (MUP) have advanced along with new healthcare delivery models and interprofessional collaborative practice. It is unclear whether stakeholder perceptions of pharmacist roles have evolved simultaneously.
OBJECTIVE: Examine patient, pharmacist, and physician perceptions of pharmacist roles in the MUP.
METHODS: This IRB-approved study used a cross-sectional design with Qualtrics panels of patients, pharmacists, and physicians. Role Theory was used as a framework to develop 12-item surveys to study pharmacist role perceptions in the MUP: prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Content analysis was performed on the responses to open-ended questions.
RESULTS: From 1004 patients, a total of 7,217 comments were obtained on 9 questions (740-1004 comments), resulting in an average of 802 comments per question or 0.8 comments per question per respondent (CQR). Similarly, 1,620 comments from 205 pharmacists on 11 questions (121-205 comments) averaged 0.72 CQR; and 1,561 comments from 200 physicians on 11 questions (136-200 comments) equated to 0.74 CQR. Content analysis revealed recurring themes across the stakeholders: \'pharmacists\', \'physicians\', \'insurance\', \'technology\', \'collaboration\', \'time\', \'communication\', and \'patient\'s responsibility\'. Some role congruence was seen regarding pharmacist roles by all 3 stakeholders; noting pharmacist roles in improving all steps of the MUP, except transcribing. Pharmacists highlighted professional challenges such as staffing issues, burnout, and competing demands; which were not acknowledged by patients and physicians indicating the need to increase awareness.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed increased visibility and awareness of pharmacist roles in the MUP by all stakeholders, compared to previous research showing pharmacist roles limited to dispensing. Known barriers to pharmacy practice such as lack of provider status and reimbursement were not reported by any of the stakeholders in this study. There is a need to continuously inform stakeholders about pharmacists\' expanding roles in the MUP through advocacy and marketing.
OBJECTIVE: Examine patient, pharmacist, and physician perceptions of pharmacist roles in the MUP.
METHODS: This IRB-approved study used a cross-sectional design with Qualtrics panels of patients, pharmacists, and physicians. Role Theory was used as a framework to develop 12-item surveys to study pharmacist role perceptions in the MUP: prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Content analysis was performed on the responses to open-ended questions.
RESULTS: From 1004 patients, a total of 7,217 comments were obtained on 9 questions (740-1004 comments), resulting in an average of 802 comments per question or 0.8 comments per question per respondent (CQR). Similarly, 1,620 comments from 205 pharmacists on 11 questions (121-205 comments) averaged 0.72 CQR; and 1,561 comments from 200 physicians on 11 questions (136-200 comments) equated to 0.74 CQR. Content analysis revealed recurring themes across the stakeholders: \'pharmacists\', \'physicians\', \'insurance\', \'technology\', \'collaboration\', \'time\', \'communication\', and \'patient\'s responsibility\'. Some role congruence was seen regarding pharmacist roles by all 3 stakeholders; noting pharmacist roles in improving all steps of the MUP, except transcribing. Pharmacists highlighted professional challenges such as staffing issues, burnout, and competing demands; which were not acknowledged by patients and physicians indicating the need to increase awareness.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed increased visibility and awareness of pharmacist roles in the MUP by all stakeholders, compared to previous research showing pharmacist roles limited to dispensing. Known barriers to pharmacy practice such as lack of provider status and reimbursement were not reported by any of the stakeholders in this study. There is a need to continuously inform stakeholders about pharmacists\' expanding roles in the MUP through advocacy and marketing.
摘要：
背景：药剂师在药物使用过程（MUP）中的角色随着新的医疗保健交付模式和跨专业协作实践而发展。目前尚不清楚利益相关者对药剂师角色的看法是否同时演变。
目标：检查患者，药剂师,和医生对药剂师在MUP中的角色的看法。
方法：这项IRB批准的研究使用了患者Qualtrics小组的横断面设计，药剂师,和医生。角色理论被用作开发12项调查的框架，以研究MUP中的药剂师角色认知：处方，转录,配药,administration,和监测。对开放式问题的回答进行内容分析。
结果：来自1004名患者，共获得9个问题的7217条评论(740-1004条评论)，导致每个问题平均802条评论或每个受访者每个问题0.8条评论（CQR）。同样，205位药剂师对11个问题的1,620条评论（121-205条评论）平均为0.72CQR；200位医生对11个问题（136-200条评论）的1,561条评论等于0.74CQR。内容分析揭示了利益相关者中反复出现的主题：“药剂师”，\'医生\',\'保险\',\'技术\',\'协作\',\'时间\',\'通信\',和“病人的责任”。所有3个利益相关者在药剂师角色方面都看到了一些角色一致性；注意到药剂师在改善MUP的所有步骤中的角色，除了转录。药剂师强调了专业挑战，如人员配备问题，倦怠,和相互竞争的需求；患者和医生没有承认这一点，表明需要提高认识。
结论：这项研究表明，所有利益相关者都提高了对药剂师在MUP中的作用的知名度和认识，与以前的研究相比，药剂师的角色仅限于配药。在这项研究中，任何利益相关者都没有报告药房实践的已知障碍，例如缺乏提供者身份和报销。需要不断向利益相关者通报药剂师通过宣传和营销在MUP中扩大的角色。
目标：检查患者，药剂师,和医生对药剂师在MUP中的角色的看法。
方法：这项IRB批准的研究使用了患者Qualtrics小组的横断面设计，药剂师,和医生。角色理论被用作开发12项调查的框架，以研究MUP中的药剂师角色认知：处方，转录,配药,administration,和监测。对开放式问题的回答进行内容分析。
结果：来自1004名患者，共获得9个问题的7217条评论(740-1004条评论)，导致每个问题平均802条评论或每个受访者每个问题0.8条评论（CQR）。同样，205位药剂师对11个问题的1,620条评论（121-205条评论）平均为0.72CQR；200位医生对11个问题（136-200条评论）的1,561条评论等于0.74CQR。内容分析揭示了利益相关者中反复出现的主题：“药剂师”，\'医生\',\'保险\',\'技术\',\'协作\',\'时间\',\'通信\',和“病人的责任”。所有3个利益相关者在药剂师角色方面都看到了一些角色一致性；注意到药剂师在改善MUP的所有步骤中的角色，除了转录。药剂师强调了专业挑战，如人员配备问题，倦怠,和相互竞争的需求；患者和医生没有承认这一点，表明需要提高认识。
结论：这项研究表明，所有利益相关者都提高了对药剂师在MUP中的作用的知名度和认识，与以前的研究相比，药剂师的角色仅限于配药。在这项研究中，任何利益相关者都没有报告药房实践的已知障碍，例如缺乏提供者身份和报销。需要不断向利益相关者通报药剂师通过宣传和营销在MUP中扩大的角色。
