PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Beef is a major global source of protein, playing an essential role in the human diet. The worldwide production and consumption of beef continue to rise, reflecting a significant trend. However, despite the critical importance of beef cattle resources in agriculture, the diversity of cattle breeds faces severe challenges, with many breeds at risk of extinction. The initiation of the Beef Cattle Genome Project is crucial. By constructing a high-precision functional annotation map of their genome, it becomes possible to analyze the genetic mechanisms underlying important traits in beef cattle, laying a solid foundation for breeding more efficient and productive cattle breeds. This review details advances in genome sequencing and assembly technologies, iterative upgrades of the beef cattle reference genome, and its application in pan-genome research. Additionally, it summarizes relevant studies on the discovery of functional genes associated with key traits in beef cattle, such as growth, meat quality, reproduction, polled traits, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. Finally, the review explores the potential of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly, structural variations (SVs), and multi-omics techniques in future beef cattle genetic breeding. These advancements collectively offer promising avenues for enhancing beef cattle breeding and improving genetic traits.
摘要：
牛肉是全球主要的蛋白质来源，在人类饮食中起着至关重要的作用。世界范围内牛肉的生产和消费持续增长，反映了一个重要的趋势。然而,尽管肉牛资源在农业中至关重要，牛品种的多样性面临严峻挑战，许多品种面临灭绝的危险。肉牛基因组计划的启动至关重要。通过构建其基因组的高精度功能注释图,分析肉牛重要性状的遗传机制成为可能，为培育更高效、更高产的牛品种奠定坚实的基础。这篇综述详细介绍了基因组测序和组装技术的进展，肉牛参考基因组的迭代升级，及其在泛基因组研究中的应用。此外,综述了与肉牛关键性状相关的功能基因发现的相关研究,比如增长，肉质,繁殖，民意调查的特征，抗病性,和环境适应性。最后,这篇综述探讨了端粒到端粒（T2T）基因组组装的潜力，结构变化(SV)，和多组学技术在未来肉牛遗传育种中的应用。这些进步共同为增强肉牛育种和改善遗传特性提供了有希望的途径。
