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Abstract：
The notion of notable anatomical, biochemical, and behavioral distinctions within male and female brains has been a contentious topic of interest within the scientific community over several decades. Advancements in neuroimaging and molecular biological techniques have increasingly elucidated common mechanisms characterizing brain aging while also revealing disparities between sexes in these processes. Variations in cognitive functions; susceptibility to and progression of neurodegenerative conditions, notably Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s diseases; and notable disparities in life expectancy between sexes, underscore the significance of evaluating aging within the framework of gender differences. This comprehensive review surveys contemporary literature on the restructuring of brain structures and fundamental processes unfolding in the aging brain at cellular and molecular levels, with a focus on gender distinctions. Additionally, the review delves into age-related cognitive alterations, exploring factors influencing the acceleration or deceleration of aging, with particular attention to estrogen\'s hormonal support of the central nervous system.
摘要：
值得注意的解剖学概念，生物化学，几十年来，男性和女性大脑中的行为差异一直是科学界感兴趣的一个有争议的话题。神经影像学和分子生物学技术的进步越来越多地阐明了表征大脑衰老的常见机制，同时也揭示了这些过程中两性之间的差异。认知功能的变化；神经退行性疾病的易感性和进展，特别是阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症；以及性别之间预期寿命的显著差异，强调在性别差异框架内评估衰老的重要性。这篇全面的综述调查了当代关于大脑结构的重组以及在细胞和分子水平上在衰老大脑中展开的基本过程的文献。注重性别差异。此外,这篇综述深入研究了与年龄相关的认知改变，探索影响衰老加速或减速的因素，特别注意雌激素对中枢神经系统的激素支持。
